Left Behind by Parents in China: Internal Migration and Adolescents’ Well-Being

This study investigates how growing up as a left-behind child due to parents’ labor migration in China is associated with adolescents’ cognitive and socioemotional development, based on data from the China Family Panel Studies. We find that adolescents do worst when both parents are absent in all developmental indicators we examined: short-term and long-term word recall tests, numeracy test, self-concept, and self-expectation of educational attainment. However, the differences between left-behind children and those in rural two-parent families are not statistically significant. Left-behind adolescents do have significantly lower well-being than those in urban two-parent families. These differences can largely be accounted for by father's education, family spending on the adolescent's education, quality of parenting, and the social support available to an adolescent. The gap in Chinese adolescents' development is, thus, not so much related directly to how many parents one grows up with as it is to whether one grows up in a rural or urban environment.     

从认知视角看英汉词语的语义变化趋势

语言在很大程度上受思维习惯和文化内涵的影响.然而,在世界文化朝着多元化发展的进程中,不同文化间的频繁接触促进了文化的趋同,而文化的趋同又必然引起词语的语义变化.文章旨在通过词语的示例分析比较,探讨人类语言的共性和个性,从而证明英汉两种语言的词语语义随着文化的趋同所出现的同一变化趋势.     

双语学习对儿童词汇意识的影响

关于双语学习对儿童词汇意识的影响,学界观点不一,解释机制多样.综述分析目前的研究发现:双语学习对儿童词汇意识的负面影响是不存在的,且仅是理论上的;尽管双语学习可能会导致双语者的词汇量减少,但是词汇意识测试中的双语劣势不是源于双语学习本身.双语学习对儿童认知的影响是正面的,尤其是有利于加工控制能力和选择注意能力等发展,从而促进了儿童词汇意识的形成和发展.     

浅议普及图书检索知识的方法和途径

通过分析读者检索面临的问题及图书馆检索教育的不足,论述了检索知识普及的重要性与必要性,提出了对读者进行普及检索教育的方法与途径。     

心理表征及其特征

认知科学的心理表征是有机体环境信息的载体,认知系统具有一种承载信息的内部状态,即中介状态.这种中介状态具有五种特征,即持久性、差异性、抽象性、具有成分结构和受规则控制.讨论心理表征的深层次问题对于说明各种认知能力非常重要.     

论对偶在汉语写作中的认知意义

对偶是汉语语体系统和文体系统中的重要构成元素,是人们把对世界的认识摹写出来又渗透到高雅文化与民俗文化之中的一种语言表达式。对偶思维是一种耦合①性思维,集中反映了汉民族写作的整体思维和对立统一思维。考察汉语写作史可以发现:对偶不仅仅是传统意义上的一种修辞方式,它更是汉民族写作的一种重要的认知模式。隐喻的研究,已经从一种修辞手段的研究转化为认识世界和语言发生变化的重大课题和焦点课题。而对偶的研究,如对偶的形成与结构体制对汉语写作的认知意义;对偶所映射的汉族人的文化传统、审美心理;对偶的语体学意义和文体学意义;对偶与语体、文体嬗变和社会需求的关系问题等也应该是语言学中极有理论价值和方法论意义的研究课题。     

信息技术教学中素质教育的培养

21世纪是信息时代,信息技术教育是现代科学技术的基础与核心,是信息社会的主要技术。作为工具,计算机在教学方法、考试方法及教学评估等方面促进教育技术的现代化;作为课程,计算机在各级各类学校设置成为必需。由于计算机教育贴近现实,有着其它课程无可比拟的可操作性、实用性、实效性,作为素质教育的一环,在素质教育中占据了重要地位。因此说信息技术课是培养学生面向未来,提高起科学文化素质的重要途径。     

论认知隐喻观的理论阐释力

人类对隐喻的研究经历了一个漫长的历史阶段,隐喻理论的解释范围不断扩大。从古希腊的修辞观到对语言本体进行解释的语法隐喻以及语法化研究,从语言和思维相结合的概念隐喻到完全彻底的认知隐喻观,所有这些都对隐喻的研究做出了重大贡献。但一直以来在这些研究的背后,缺乏一种具有统一解释力的理论,即共性。从认知的角度出发我们可以发现,认知域之间的叠加和互动是各类隐喻最基本的工作原理,是隐喻的基本思维方式,是隐喻的共性;另一方面,隐喻的内容又是因民族和文化的不同而有所差异,这是隐喻的个性。     

Racial/Ethnic Minority Community College Students' Critical Consciousness and Social Cognitive Career Outcomes

A need exists to better understand how racial/ethnic minority students' critical consciousness development in response to marginalization may be involved in their educational and career development. We therefore examined the link between critical consciousness development and career decision self-efficacy and career outcome expectations among racial/ethnic minority community college students. Following social cognitive career theory's conceptual pillars, we developed a testable model integrating critical consciousness and social cognitive variables. This model was tested with 135 racially and ethnically diverse community college students. Data analysis included path analyses and tests of model fit using structural equation modeling. Results suggested that (a) higher critical agency is linked to higher career decision self-efficacy and outcome expectations and (b) critical action and reflection have a bidirectional link and predict higher critical agency. Implications for research and practice aiming to close educational and career gaps among racial/ethnic minorities are discussed.     

Occupational mobility and cognitive ability: A commentary on Betthäuser,Bourne and Bukodi

This commentary critiques Betthäuser, Bourne and Bukodi's (2020) paper which finds that cognitive ability does not substantially mediate class of origin effects on educational and occupational outcomes. From these results, they conclude that cognitive ability is only of minor importance for social stratification, reasserting their view of the primacy of class origins for social stratification. The central issue surrounding cognitive ability in social stratification is its effects on socioeconomic attainments vis-à-vis socioeconomic origins, not the extent that cognitive ability mediates classorigin effects. Their analytical strategy of estimating the extent that cognitive ability mediates class origineffects is misleading because: it ignores the only moderate associations of socioeconomic origins with educational and occupational outcomes; the stronger direct effects of cognitive ability; the associations of parents’ ability with their own socioeconomic attainments; and the genetic transmission of cognitive ability and other traits relevant to social stratification from parents to their children.