Alfred Schutz and Herbert Simon: Can their Action Theories Work Together?

This paper combines Alfred Shultz and Herbert Simon's theories of action in order to understand the grey area between dynamic and completely unstructured decision making better. As a result I have put together a specific scheme of how choice elements are represented from an agent's personal experience, so as to create a bridge between the phenomenological and cognitive‐procedural approaches of decision making. I first look at the key points of their original models relating Alfred Schutz's “provinces of meaning” and Herbert Simon's “satisficing” mechanism. I then consider the particular concept of intentionality and reasoning by analogy for different choice settings. Finally I have suggested a perspective based on creative behaviour and sense‐making for ill‐structured conditions.     

学习策略研究述评

阐述了学习策略的内涵、结构与特点,分析了国内外学习策略研究的发展、现状及存在问题,对学习策略研究发展提出了思考,认为学习策略学科化是其理论向纵深研究的一个必然趋势,必须拓展研究范围、转变研究内容与研究思路,才能使学习策略研究向纵深发展。     

Exploring Mobility in Public Environments among People with Cognitive Functional Limitations—Challenges and Implications for Planning

Abstract

Mobility in public environments is an important part of people’s everyday life. However, living with functional limitations often means limited mobility. To plan for public environments that enable mobility for everybody, knowledge about various user groups’ mobility is important. Up until now, knowledge concerning the mobility of people with cognitive functional limitations has been scarce. The aim of this paper is to explore, from experts’ perspectives, mobility in public environments among people with cognitive functional limitations (target group). The findings of focus group interviews with experts showed that the target group had to keep external and internal challenges at a manageable level in order to maintain mobility. The target group’s mobility is interpreted as depending on both the individuals’ cognitive capacity in relation to environmental demands as well as the motility of the members of the target group, i.e. how they form their opinions about their possibilities for mobility. Both those aspects are important for planners to consider in order keep the target group mobile.     

关联和语境效果刍议

本文试图澄清关联理论中常常引起误解和争议的几个重要概念：关联、认知效果、语境效果。作者认为，关联可以是信息的关联，也可以是话语行为本身的关联，同时分析了它们之间的关系。     

被害人认识能力的刑法意义研究

被害人的认识能力是刑法学上的一个重要问题。如果被害人不具备相应的认识能力,那么其承诺在刑法学上可能就难以成立,这在行为人与被害人存在互动关系的犯罪中表现得尤为明显。整体而言,被害人的认识能力属于构成要件的范畴。如果被害人不具备认识能力,那么,在我国刑法中涉及被害人认识能力的一系列罪名就因为不符合构成要件,而无法展开对行为人刑事责任的追究。而被害人认识能力的判断,必须结合民法等相关法律的规定才能得到正确的解决。     

英语学习者听力障碍的认知阐释

对英语学习者听力理解的过程进行内部的和外部的科学描述是解决英语听力理解困难的先决条件。文章借助记忆信息三级加工模型对英语听力理解的过程进行认知分析，澄清了对于听力理解困难的某些常见误解，并提出了新的教学方法。     

社会工作实务中初次访谈的建构

社会工作实务中初次访谈是建立专业关系、开展专业服务的基础,初次访谈的建构应以社会工作专业伦理和价值理念为基础,以专业理论和方法技巧为基石,坚持从以人为本、助人自助的价值选择出发,明确访谈的目标,做好访谈前准备,娴熟地运用技巧掌控访谈进程,构建有血有肉有灵魂的初次访谈体系。     

英语换称格索源与认知

从换称格（antonom asia）的界定入手,追根索源,探寻最远的、可源于与该词有关的文化背景。在长期使用过程中,一些换称表达从最初较为具体的状态进展为较为抽象的状态,最终完成了符号化和普遍化的过程,成为积淀在语言深层的文化化石,承载某种意蕴的象征符号。文章拟在索源的基础上整合对英语换称格这一特殊辞格的认知策略,以期探讨源语文化内涵的相关问题。     

从模糊逻辑到理想认知模型

逻辑语义学和认知心理学对自然语言模糊性的研究可以说是由来已久,而认知心理学跳出传统语义范畴,从全新的角度对语义模糊性进行诠释,取得了重大成果。通过回顾和对比两种语义模糊研究方法,认为费尔默（Fill-more）的框架说和莱科夫（Lakoff）的理想认知模型为揭示模糊性打下了很好的基础,但理想认知模型仍然是一种抽象、固定的心理模式,而模型间的相互关系、相互作用则是非常灵活的,这与传统的语义—语用划分仍有相似之处。     

科技论文英译的选词技巧探讨

科技词汇有着自己独特的特点.它们大多由拉丁和希腊词汇、专业词汇和缩略语等组成.根据词义它们可分为泛指词、专指词、抽象词和具体词.科技词汇无褒、贬的涵义,一般用中性词,其同义词的内涵也不同.选用正式文体词、名词化结构的词、复合结构的词和根据不同学科选不同的词都是科技论文英译的选词技巧.