马克思主义实践观框架内的个体实践

尽管实践是一个备受人们关注的概念,但长期以来,对于实践活动形式,我国学术界却没有进行推进性研究,并且对萨特的“个体实践”概念持拒斥态度。从现实的角度来看,个体是最为基本的行为单位,因而,承认以个体为主体的实践形式(即个体实践),与承认以集体为主体的实践形式(即集体实践)一样,都具有逻辑上的合理性。     

党的三代领导集体对中国特色社会主义道路的探索

社会主义制度在中国所显示的生机和活力,向世界证明了中国共产党人成功地找到了一条具有中国特色的社会主义道路。认真研究和全面把握党的三代领导集体探索这一道路的理论成果,对于我们在新世纪、新阶段继续坚持这一正确道路无疑有着重大的意义。     

导入数码科技的高校钢琴音乐教育

钢琴教学软件、数码钢琴集体课、钢琴网络共享远程教育体系三方面构成了数字化时代高校钢琴音乐教学的新模式;数码及网络技术与钢琴音乐教学的整合,对2 1世纪中国音乐教育改革具有积极的意义。     

Ordres socio-économiques et polarisation de la recherche dans l'agriculture : pour une critique des rapports science/société

What if farming were the exemplar of a knowledge-based society? Due to their many, ambivalent effects, research and innovation in agronomy lie at the center of trends now shaping the world of agriculture. To present this history, the types of pairing are examined between, on the one hand, processes for producing scientific knowledge and techniques and, on the other, contingent forms for organizing collective action. For this purpose, the notion of a “socioeconomic order” is introduced to account for the multiplication of collective spaces of action based on specific systems of norms and cooperation. Studying these pairings brings to light three “models of polarization of research” in France (the Colbertist model, academic polarization, and fragmented polarization), which have changed over the past fifty years. Accordingly, agriculture's recent history is interpreted as the joint transformation of socioeconomic orders and these modes of polarization. - Special issue on Agriculture and food.     

迭演博弈、集体行动与公共组织的构建

在公共组织的构建中 ,必须重视其核心要素“政策”的自利性倾向。公共组织构建必须首先考虑“组织功能” ,然后才能设计组织结构 ;公共组织应采取“小集团”化设计 ,采取功能和目标的可识别化设计理念 ;公共组织的构建必须建立组织的识别机制和政策的终止机制 ;公共组织必须有自身的信任机制 ;公共组织必须向智能化的方向发展。     

集合共有:一种新的共有形式--以集体土地所有权为研究对象

集体土地所有权的准确定性是改革和完善集体土地所有权制度的切入点。既有的定性都不具有法理和实践上的可行性。只有大胆借鉴英美法系的联合所有制度,重构大陆法系的共有形式,才能对集体土地所有权予以准确定性。新的共有形式———集合共有,与集体土地所有权性质具有内在的一致性。以集合共有规则来解释和处理集体土地所有权,既符合学理和逻辑的要求,更贴近中国的实际。     

论辩诉交易

辩诉交易作为一种刑事司法制度,依据当时北美大陆特殊的社会经济发展状况,适时、应运而生于美国。由于各种各样的原因,例如传统文化、社会认同、犯罪率急剧上升、刑事案件大量积压、高昂的诉讼成本以及辩诉交易的高效、民主、实用等,使其得以存在并在实践中不断发展、完善,现在已经具有极强的生命力和感染力。在世界各国面临巨大的社会犯罪压力和司法资源有限的情况下,辩诉交易成为众多国家其中包括部分大陆法系国家垂青的对象,并且在实际工作中收到良好效果。在本世纪初,我国对此进行了一次伟大尝试,学术界和司法界展开了热烈的探讨。辩诉交易对世界刑事司法工作产生了深远影响。     

The complexity of ignorance

We examine the kinds of mistakes that are frequently made when the general public is asked to identify political symbols from the past half century. A particularly striking phenomenon is inversion: the event is recalled backwards, so that Rosa Parks is remembered for having given up her seat on a bus to a white person. A second type of error occurs by linking a name to the wrong person, as when John Dean is identified as a movie actor (James Dean). Still another type of mistake involves a correct substantive categorization but with temporal displacement, for example, the Tet Offensive is said to have occurred during the Korean War. In each of these cases we are able to speculate about the social and psychological processes that have led to the misremembering. However, not every error is lodged in respondents: we initially treated as incorrect all answers that did not fit our own expectations; but we were soon forced to recognize that other frames of reference could be brought to the task and lay equal claim to the truth. Names are alphabetical and authorship is equal.     

EVOLUTION AND ULTIMATUM BARGAINING

Empirical research has discovered that experimental subjects in ultimatum bargaining situations generally fail to play the decision-theoretic optimum strategy, and instead play something between that strategy and a fair split. In evolutionary dynamics, fair division and nearly fair division strategies often go to fixation and weakly dominated strategies can do quite well. Computer simulations were done using three different ultimatum bargaining games as determinates of fitness. (1) No tendency toward the elimination of weakly dominated strategies was observed, with or without mutation. (2) Strategies making fair demands had sizable basins of attraction. (3) In a system where five different demands can be made, demands closest to (approximately) 91% had the largest basins of attraction. (4) If the strategies have thresholds for acceptable demands, rather than individuated responses to each demand, the apparent optimum demand may be quite low: 64% for one set of trials.     

社区森林资源管理成功的条件——基于福建省沙县两个集体林场的比较研究

新一轮林权制度改革之后,小农户与大市场、林地细碎化与规模化经营、个人利益与社区公共利益之间的矛盾不断凸显,集体经营的重要性重新受到决策者和地方社区的关注。在部分地区,集体管理的森林不仅保留了下来,而且呈现出多样化的经营绩效。通过比较成功（L村）和失败经营（Y村）的案例,运用Ostrom、Wade和Agrawal的影响成功公共治理的条件要件,从资源特征、依赖于资源的集体特征、资源特征与集体特征、管理制度细节、资源特征与管理制度的关系和外部环境6个方面进行具体分析,探讨塑造成功集体管理森林的资源、社区和制度条件,从而为我国新型林业经营主体的多元化提供经验。