Poverty as a Form of Violence

Abstract

This paper advances the theory that poverty is one of the deadliest forms of violence. Together, poverty and violence are a potent force that is antithetical to the collective well-being of our society. Existing data reveal that the correlation between poverty and violence is statistically significant. The vast discrepancy between the prosperity of the rich and the profound deprivation of the poor in this country suggest that a structural perspective may be particularly instructive. Poverty as a form of violence will be examined in terms of four interrelated variables and a set of recommendations for change will be proposed.     

Typology of Gay Consumers’ Interaction Styles on Complaining Propensity

The purpose of this study is to develop a typology of gay male consumers based on self-concept variables related to social interactions. Openness about sexual orientation, collective self-esteem, stigma-consciousness, and negative evaluation were used to identify clusters of gay male consumers. An initial test sample (n = 125) suggested a three-cluster solution, and a validation sample (n = 247) established reproducibility of the proposed typology. Three clusters with distinct interaction styles emerged: “confident gay,” “diffident gay,” and “guarded gay.” Additionally, the usefulness of the typology is demonstrated by comparing the clusters on the basis of complaining propensity. Typologies of each cluster and implications for research and practice are discussed.     

论教师信念在教学实践中的作用

教师信念是教师对于人、自然、社会和教育科学的看法和观点。它一经形成就会影响并指引教师的判断和教学行为，并逐渐成为他们价值观的一部分。教师信念在确认程度、内容成分以及结构方式等方面表现出极强的能动性，使它显得比知识更为重要。也因此使得它成为掌控教学最为有力的因素。尤其是自我效能和集体效能的发挥使得它从根本上决定教学实践的好与坏，成与败。     

力量不对等供应链下游寡头行为演化机理

以常见的垄断竞争的供应商和寡头竞争的强势零售商组成的供应链为研究对象,应用演化博弈论中双种群演化模型探讨供应商讨价还价能力对强势零售商使用买方势力行为的影响,得到强势零售商对供应商交易行为的演化稳定策略(ESS)。研究表明,供应商的讨价还价能力和零售商转嫁成本策略导致的交易成本和风险成本是影响ESS的重要因素,供应商较高的讨价还价能力及转嫁成本策略导致的较高的交易成本和风险成本,将有助于消除零售商滥用买方势力的行为。     

试析西方住房市场中的国家干预——一项社会学的考察

文章从住房问题的特殊性出发,在西方文献的基础上讨论了住房市场中国家干预的形式以及西方社会学家对住房市场中国家干预的相关理论解释,为分析中国当前的住房问题提供了一个可供参考的视角。     

订单农业发展中金融创新研究

目前关于订单农业高违约率的研究主要集中在运用企业组织理论、契约理论、交易费用理论、博弈论探讨其成因及解决措施,但多年来我国订单农业的运行状况仍鲜有改善.研究发现:高违约的根本原因在于订单农业交易系统的封闭性、风险的存量化以及农业风险特性与订单农业自身缺陷的交互作用,目前化解订单农业发展障碍的措施大多具有"堵"的性质,这不利于订单农业风险的分散,由此导致订单农业交易主体间激烈的"两性"冲突(指个人理性、集体理性)时有发生;提升订单农业履约率的根本途径不应仅仅采取"堵"的方法,更应该"疏"、"堵"并重,即在保留"堵"之有效的方法基础上,通过金融创新,寻求风险外化通道使风险流量化.     

特色农产品地理标志保护与安徽农业

在我国,特色农产品地理标志保护是一个新领域。作为农业大省的安徽对地理标志农产品问题的研究几乎是空白,实践状况也不理想。本课题针对安徽特色农产品保护的现状和存在的问题,阐述对地理标志农产品保护的经济价值,提出对安徽省地理标志农产品保护的具体方法,希望能为安徽的农产品地理标志保护工作尽一点力。     

Combining Stated and Revealed Preference Data to Construct an Empirical Examination of Intrahousehold Bargaining

Most analysis of intrahousehold decisions has been conducted using aggregate revealed preference data where preferences of individual agents are never observed, only the household consumption outcomes are observed. We examine household behavior in a bargaining framework by combining stated preference information from individual members of the household with revealed preference information on the household’s actual choices. The resulting model provides information on the degree to which the decision is the result of a bargaining process as well as information on the factors affecting bargaining power.

网络群体性事件内在逻辑的ERI模型分析

网络群体性事件作为一种特殊的利益诉求行为越来越受关注.“付出-回报失衡(ERI)”模型以社会交换理论为基础,从付出和回报的不对称视角探讨社会压力的形成机制和作用机理.基于此模型可以推导网络群体性事件的出现与参与者追求社会公平有关.参与者在现实世界中付出与回报的失衡状态引发的不公平感是网络群体性事件的重要驱力.本研究从政府管理和网络传播两个方面完善了“付出-回报失衡”模型,并提出了网络群体性事件的应对策略,为公共管理部门处理此类事件提供了整合思路.     

The Relationship Between Citizen Participation and Organizational Processes and Outcomes and the Benefits of Citizen Participation in Neighborhood Organizations

ABSTRACT

A major resource of neighborhood organizations is the voluntary participation of residents who give their time and energy to improve their communities. In recent years, there has been a revitalization of strategies to engage residents to volunteer for neighborhood-based organizations. Guided by organizational empowerment theory and the ecological perspective, the current study examined the relationship between citizen participation and organizational characteristics and effectiveness and the benefits received by residents participating in neighborhood organizations in poor communities. The data were gathered through a survey of resident volunteers in four neighborhood organizations in Pennsylvania and were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression analyses. The results showed that volunteers' level of involvement in their neighborhood organization influenced their self-efficacy. However, volunteers' perceptions of their neighborhood organizations' characteristics and effectiveness were the most strongly related to the benefits of citizen participation, contributing to residents' self efficacy, collective efficacy, and sense of community. Implications for social work research and practice are discussed.