表面摩擦驱动收卷的玻纤布卷驱动力特征

与传统股权相比,扶贫股在出资、股权类型、权利内容、收益分配、退出机制、风险防范等方面形成了许多创新做法,但存在制度回应弱、效益吸引力不够、相关利益协调不足、长效的收益分享机制缺失、平台治理参与局限等深层次问题。据此,应立足中国实践,在集体股的框架内,明确扶贫股的法律属性,以集体股制度创新为路径,从制度层面规范扶贫股。     

农村土地流转过程中农民权益的有效保护

当前在农村土地流转过程中农民权益得不到有效保护,主要表现为:流转价格偏低,固定不变;流转收益分配不合理;土地的农业用途被改变;农民的知情权、参与权、决策权被侵犯等。其原因主要为:农村土地产权不明晰,所有权主体虚位;农民权益保护相关制度不完善;基层政府对土地流转的不当干预;土地流转市场服务体系不健全等。为了加强对土地流转过程中农民的权益的保护,需要明晰农村土地产权,明确规定农村集体土地归行政村一级农民集体所有,并完善相关制度;减少乡镇府的不当干预,强化乡镇政府对土地流转的指导与监管;培育县、乡两级土地流转市场化服务环境等。     

土地股份合作社内部能形成利益联结机制吗？

土地股份合作社在促进资本与农地结合,实现小农户与现代农业衔接上具有独特优势。通过对普通社员与核心社员在土地股份合作社不同发展阶段的可选策略的讨论,分析合作社不同发展阶段利益联结机制的特征,并对黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市克山县仁发合作社的利益联结机制进行案例研究后提出:土地股份合作社坚持“退社自由”原则有利于保护普通社员的基本权益,但不利于在合作社内部形成“风险共担”机制,要在保证普通社员基本权益的同时建立“利益共享、风险共担”的利益联结机制,应该充分利用计提公积金这一手段,不允许社员退社时退回公积金或许是有利于土地股份合作社内部形成“风险共担”机制的一个可尝试的方法。     

提高效率、维护公平:产权四模式对深化我国集体林权改革的启示

回顾我国集体林权改革的主要进展,介绍产权四模式的主要观点,提出深化集体林权改革的思考和建议。研究发现,林权改革没有统一的格式,产权四模式总结了发展中国家林权改革的一些规律,可以为我国集体林改所借鉴;与其他模式相比,财产权模式对我国集体林改影响最大,明晰产权、提高效率一直是集体林改的目标;农业结构模式明确提出的市场机制可能带来产权不安全的问题需要引起重视;制度模式主张政府发挥产权改革的主导作用、制定法律法规巩固产权的主张对深化林权改革有重要借鉴意义;共有产权模式提出的保留共有森林资源为贫困人口提供"一席之地"的主张,为减贫和乡村振兴提供思路。在结束明晰产权主体改革任务之后,应将工作重点转向制定相关法律法规巩固产权改革成果、维护农户林权利益;在推动林地规模化经营中,要谨慎推进森林资源金融化,防止出现"代价高昂的不平等";充分认识集体林权改革的复杂性、艰巨性和长期性,将林改工作从工程式运作逐渐转向常规监管,加强林权管理。     

“第三部门”视野下的福建集体林业产权制度改革

福建集体林业产权制度改革进入第二阶段后,随着广大林农自治能力的逐步提高,市场和政府不能涵盖的林业生产领域方面出现了"第三部门".本文对"第三部门"的出现、现状及其存在的问题进行了经济分析,并在此基础上,提出要加强对"第三部门"的制度支持与约束,完善提高"第三部门"自身参与能力的政策措施.     

Assessing the effects of land use and land cover patterns on thermal conditions using landscape metrics in city of Indianapolis,United States

Direct applications of remote sensing thermal infrared (TIR) data in landscape ecological research are rare due to limitations in the sensors, calibration, and difficulty in interpretation. Currently there is a general lack of methodology for examining the relationship between land surface temperatures (LST) derived from TIR data and landscape patterns extracted from optical sensors. A separation of landscapes into values directly related to their scale and signature is a key step. In this study, a Landsat ETM+ image of Indianapolis, Unites States, acquired on June 22, 2000, was spectrally unmixed (using spectral mixture analysis, SMA) into fraction endmembers of green vegetation, soil, high albedo, and low albedo. Impervious surface was then computed from the high and low albedo images. A hybrid classification procedure was developed to classify the fraction images into seven land use and land cover (LULC) classes. Using the fractional images, the landscape composition and pattern were examined. Next, pixel-based LST measurements were correlated with the landscape fractional components to investigate LULC based relationships between LST and impervious surface and green vegetation fractions. An examination of the relationship between the LULC and LST maps with landscape metrics was finally conducted to deepen understanding of their interactions. Results indicate that SMA-derived fraction images were effective for quantifying the urban morphology and for providing reliable measurements of biophysical variables. LST was found to be positively correlated with impervious surface fraction but negatively correlated with green vegetation fraction. Each temperature zone was associated with a dominant LULC category. Further research should be directed to the theoretical and applied implications of describing such relationships between LULC patterns and urban thermal conditions.

石景山制铁所相关数据考

本文通过考证,修正日本侵略者统治石景山制铁所时的三项重要数据。这些数据曾长期被广泛使用,具体为1944年3月发生31812起事故,是由于读错了文献,将当月所有员工的事假统计当作事故来理解;日本统治下的石景山制铁所占石景山地区的土地面积应该是1676228平方米(1.676228平方公里),为有关出版物所述的35000亩(23.331平方公里)的7.18%;石景山制铁所员工最多时是1944年10月,为2.4万人,不是有关出版物所述的5.9万人。     

关于农民土地权益若干问题的思考

通过对我国改革开放以来仅靠政策支持和财政投入并未使农业落后状况得到根本改变的历史事实的阐述,文章提出将土地权益关系的改革作为增加农民收入、加快农业发展的重要途径,并提出加强土地立法、明确土地制度中的权益关系、规范土地交易、加快土地权益证券化等与土地权益相关的政策建议,以期为实现社会主义新农村的目标提供必要的思路。     

土地征用制度改革探析

土地问题是城镇发展建设和城市化过程中的热点问题,土地使用制度的改革关系到城市的发展和土地使用者的切身利益。通过对当前土地征用过程中存在的问题和原因的分析,进而提出了一种新的土地使用制度———土地征购制。     

Armchair detectives and the social construction of falsehoods: an actor–network approach

ABSTRACT

This paper examines two large-scale cases ? the 2013 Boston bombing and the 2015 Bangkok bombing, each of which spurred an online investigation conducted by concerned citizens to find the bombers. While both bombing cases had different cultural discourses, the processes and outcomes of the online investigation were similar: there were rampant speculation and rumor-mongering, as well as false accusations and harassment of innocent suspects. The aim of the paper is to understand how such acts of mob justice happened. Using actor–network theory, a theoretical and methodological tool for mapping out the networks human and non-human interactions, I discuss two types of networks found in both investigations. The two network types demonstrate how a claim can be construed as fact or fiction through such networks of interaction. In light of debates on the proliferation of fake news and alternative facts, the findings have implications for the current and precarious state of truth in today’s society.