论乡镇原集体企业制度从股份合作制向股份制的转变

简要概述了乡镇集体企业股份合作制改革的过程及成效 ,着重分析了乡镇原集体企业制度从股份合作制向股份制转变的必要性 ,并在此基础上提出促进乡镇原集体企业制度成功转变的对策 :(1)选择适宜的股份制改造形式 ;(2 )建立健全企业内部法人治理结构 ;(3 )设立具有证券交易功能的地方性的产权交易所 ;(4 )进一步明晰产权、设置科学合理的股权结构 ;(5 )加强集体股权的管理 ;(6)转换政府职能 ,营造有利于企业制度创新的外部环境     

Neighborhood Structure,Social Organization,and Number of Short‐Term Sexual Partnerships

We examine the relationship between neighborhood structural characteristics, social organization, and the sexual partnering practices of adults. Analyses of 1990 census and 1995–1997 survey‐based data on Chicago neighborhoods and adult sexual activity reveal for men a number of neighborhood influences on sexual partnering practices. First, residential stability is negatively associated with having a short‐term sexual partner in the last year. Second, neighborhood social ties are positively associated with short‐term sexual partnering in neighborhoods with low levels of collective efficacy—the combination of cohesion and shared expectations for beneficial action among neighbors—but this effect is substantially reduced as collective efficacy increases. Moreover, neighborhood collective efficacy and social ties mediate the effect of residential stability on sexual partnering practices. Neighborhood characteristics were not associated with short‐term sexual partnering for women.     

The employment contract: A test of the transaction cost theory

This paper tests some predictions derived from Williamson's transaction cost theory of the organization of work, which holds that the form of the employment relationship is determined largely by the idiosyncrasy of work—that is, the nature of skills and knowledge used in production. It examines the occurrence of theoretically relevant provisions in collective bargaining agreements in the United States and finds they are related to a contract-level proxy for idiosyncrasy (based on bargaining structure) as predicted by the theory. An analysis of an individual-level variable, the difficulty of finding a comparable job, provides some additional support. Finally, several alternative explanations of the results are considered, and it is argued that none are consistent with the evidence. The analysis thus finds strong, if necessarily provisional, support for the theory.     

新型村集体经济何以带动乡村共同富裕？——基于ANT视角的分析

促进农村农民的共同富裕是实现全体人民共同富裕的重要内容和难点问题。以山东省代村为例,运用行动者网络理论,解构了新型村集体经济异质行动者网络转译过程,剖析了村集体经济推动村民实现共同富裕的路径。研究发现:新型村集体经济发展推动村民实现共同富裕过程,是以乡村政治精英领导的村“两委”班子为关键人类行动者和土地、房屋等非人类行动者,通过行政征召、专家征召、文化征召等方式推动行动者网络形成与发展,并不断破解村民的异议与矛盾,从而达成利益联盟,构建稳定行动者网络的动态发展过程。以村民利益为核心的集体经济发展思路和村干部说服性治理工作逻辑在矛盾化解、争取村民信任与支持方面发挥了重要作用;绿色高质量发展的新型村集体经济进一步推动了村内民生保障体系建设;通过公平利益分配、文化权益保障等方式实现了村民物质富裕与精神文化富有。     

Can we rationally learn to coordinate?

In this paper we examine the issue whether individual rationality considerations are sufficient to guarantee that individuals will learn to coordinate. This question is central in any discussion of whether social phenomena (read: conventions) can be explained in terms of a purely individualistic approach. We argue that the positive answers to this general question that have been obtained in some recent work require assumptions which incorporate some convention. This conclusion may be seen as supporting the viewpoint of institutional individualism in contrast to psychological individualism.     

改革开放 40 年来农村集体经济的变迁和未来发展

改革开放 40 年以来,农村集体经济发展的框架体系和发展模式纷繁复杂,城乡关系的变动塑造了集体经济发展的制度环境、资源条件和发展空间。 文章从中国独特的土地制度和集体经济发展重要政策的视角,以城乡关系的四个发展阶段对比,分析集体经济的发展轨迹。 集体经济的发展也经历了四个阶段,并在每一阶段都具有各自的形式与特征。 2012 年至今的新发展阶段,集体经济再发展的制度和政策基础逐步具备,未来发展需要进一步进行制度和组织创新。     

Diaspora and Development? London‐based Nigerian Organisations and the Transnational Politics of Socio‐economic Status and Gender

Diaspora organisations are increasingly being lauded as important actors in the development of their communities and countries of origin. Focusing on London‐based Nigerian organisations and their interventions in Nigeria, this article assesses the particular claims that diaspora organisations reach, benefit and ‘empower’ women and ‘the poor’ at ‘home’. It argues that, while many London‐based Nigerian organisations do connect with and support these groups, they often do so in ways that reinforce rather than transform established gender relations and socio‐economic inequalities. If international agencies are to support the progressive potential of the organised diaspora, it will be necessary to acknowledge the alternative and socially mediated ways in which development might be imagined and enacted both in diaspora and at ‘home’.     

改革开放以来中共领导集体法律思想研究述要

学界对改革开放以来中共三代领导集体核心——邓小平、江泽民、胡锦涛法律思想的研究主要集中在对其历史地位、历史意义、基本内容、基本特征及形成过程的概括和总结上，对三者的相互关系、它们对中国法制建设的影响及三者在中国特色社会主义法制思想形成过程中所做出的历史贡献缺乏整体性研究，需要今后进一步深入探讨。     

Mapping movement landscapes in South Africa

ABSTRACT

The concept of a movement landscape is used to analyse continuities and changes in popular mobilization since the end of formal apartheid. Focusing on four different episodes of protest since 1997, the article examines their relationship to the ANC movement and traditions, and their organizational forms. It finds a general theme of fluid and ephemeral organization, and a distrust of formal hierarchal organization, that is relatively new in South Africa. The Marikana strikes produced the most far-reaching organizational realignments, while the student struggles generated the most innovative re-imaginings of political forms and discourses. It concludes that although there have been critiques of and challenges to the ANC tradition, and experiments with new forms of organizing, they have not produced alternatives that have lasted or dislodged the dominant approaches defined and popularized by the ANC movement.     

The politics of the Digital Single Market: culture vs. competition vs. copyright

This paper examines the implications for European music culture of the European Union’s (EU) Digital Single Market strategy. It focuses on the regulatory framework being created for the management of copyright policy, and in particular the role played by collective management organisations (CMOs or collecting societies). One of the many new opportunities created by digitalisation has been the music streaming services. These depend on consumers being able to access music wherever they are, but such a system runs counter to the management of rights on a national basis and through collecting organisations which act as monopolies within their own territories. The result has been ‘geo-blocking’. The EU has attempted to resolve this problem in a variety of ways, most recently in a Directive designed to reform the CMOs. In this paper, we document these various efforts, showing them to be motivated by a deep-seated and persisting belief in the capacity of ‘competition’ to resolve problems that, we argue, actually lie elsewhere – in copyright policy itself. The result is that the EU’s intervention fails to address its core concern and threatens the diversity of European music culture by rewarding those who are already commercially successful.