Farmer producer organizations as farmer collectives: A case study from India

Small and marginal farmers in India have been vulnerable to risks in agricultural production. Several organizational prototypes are emerging to integrate them into the value chain with the objective of enhancing incomes and reducing transaction costs. Among these are Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs). We explore the potential of FPOs as collective institutions through a case study of Avirat, one of the first FPOs in Gujarat. Our analysis suggests that FPOs have the potential to provide benefits through effective collective action. The main challenge, however, is to raise sufficient capital to maximize these benefits. We discuss the implications of our findings to policy.     

土地政治过程与乡村秩序的集体生成机制

改革开放以来，农村集体土地制度呈现为“共有私用”的地权形态。农民集体包含了权利主体、关系主体和制度主体，三者的弹性关系赋予农民集体以实践本位的存在模式。农民集体扎根于土地秩序之中，且从土地秩序中汲取政治动力，推动了土地政治过程。土地政治过程内在于集体土地制度的实践逻辑，体现了权利与权力、民主与集中的辩证统一。土地政治过程塑造了集体的统一性和自主性，凝聚了村庄的政治性，在促进土地秩序更新和土地价值实现的同时实现乡村秩序整合。因此，农村土地制度变迁须适当平衡集体所有权与农民土地权利的关系，维系乡村秩序再生产的活力基础。     

The role of emotions during the Arab Spring in Tunisia and Egypt in light of repertoires

ABSTRACT

This article examines the role of emotions during the Arab Spring in Tunisia and Egypt in the context of collective level emotions in mobilizations. Emotions are understood as a catalyst whose mechanism of action is performed through repertories. This article seeks to answer how emotions, having a triggering role, are performed through repertoires while accelerating mobilization against authoritarian orders, creating the intersection of individual and collective level emotions in public spheres of Tunisia and Egypt, and thus affecting the transnational diffusion of emotions. The significant reason to address emotions is to explain what stimulated the Arab Spring and how it spread over the region starting from Tunisia and Egypt. This article synthesizes two literatures: International Relations (IR) and social movements studies in light of emotions and components of repertoires which are as follows: collective action, collective identity, symbolic politics, network society and information politics.     

Cultural Studies and Deleuze-Guattari,Part 2: From Affect to Conjunctures†

This paper considers the state of the ‘field’ of affect studies and its development – partly through the involvement of one of its authors – over the course of decades. It argues that rather than identifying affect as the ‘other’ of signification and representation, thus ‘subtracting’ it from the conjuncture, one should understand the question of affect to point to the multiplicity of forms of sign behaviours – or, better, of forms of expression or collective assemblages of enunciation (in the terms of Deleuze and Guattari) that constitute a conjuncture in all its complexity. This article attempts to map this multiplicity by refining and expanding Guattari’s ‘mixed semiotics’. Finally, it offers a brief example of how such multiplicities (and their resulting hybridities) might be used to compare the ‘affective topographies’ and structures of feelings that have differentially enabled oppositional movements in the 1960s and the current moment.     

忠贞自是孤臣事——论张煌言的死及其绝命诗

The article tries to examine and interpret Zhang Huangyan’s poems collected in Zhang Cangshui Collection during the period of more than ten years in the Anti-Qing Dynasty War. It attempts to restore Zhang Huangyan’s mental journey and thought changes during this period. Starting from the historical facts at the time of his martyrdom and the creation of the corresponding swan songs, the article explores the literary and historical significance of Zhang Huangyan’s death and his swan songs, and explains the reasons and connotations of Zhang Huangyan’s death behavior. Furthermore, using the theories of “public space” and “collective memory”, this article aims to explore and analyze the spread, evolution, and construction of Zhang Huangyan’s death and his swan songs in the Qing Dynasty. Furthermore, it tries to explain the phenomena of image reversal and meaning derivation of historical events and literary works during the process of reception. It can reflect the mutual relations between literary creation and historical significance.     

New labour rights indicators: Method and trends for 2000–15

This article describes a new method for constructing indicators of freedom of association and collective bargaining (FACB) rights based on the coding of violations in nine textual sources, including six from the ILO, and texts from national legislation. The indicators were constructed for 185 ILO member States for five years between 2000 and 2015 and launched in 2015 by the Center for Global Workers’ Rights at Penn State University, together with the Global Labour University. Following a Resolution by the International Conference of Labour Statisticians in October 2018, the method provides the basis for Sustainable Development Goal indicator 8.8.2 on labour rights.     

集体无意识视野下的中国俄侨诗歌创作

在中国俄罗斯侨民文学中有相当数量的诗歌作品。这些作品是诗人们灵魂深处吟唱的歌谣,是中国俄侨作品中一簇耀眼的奇葩,它折射出作者对祖国的思念、对第二故乡的感念;诉说了离家的乡愁,也赞美了俄罗斯民族。文章从心理学视角运用、荣格集体无意识理论对中国俄罗斯侨民诗歌进行解读,阐释漂泊异国的中国俄侨诗人无意识创作的内在心理机制。     

“集体人权”的虚幻——对“集体人权”概念的检讨

学理上,"集体人权"这一概念在三种不同的意义上被使用,分别指称"群体的权利"、"集体行使的权利"及"集体所有的权利"。然而在诸种界定中,"集体人权"都存在不同程度的混乱,混淆了对"集体"与"群体"、"权利主体"与"权利行使方式"、"人权"与"权利"等的认识。     

谣言引发集合行为的影响因素分析——基于扎根理论

运用扎根理论对谣言引发集合行为的案例材料及谣言文本进行分析, 构建谣言引发集合行为的影响因素模型。通过分析发现, 谣言传播后, 参与集合行为的主体分为相信谣言者, 不相信谣言者, 不知道谣言者。谣言文本特征、社会公众因素、政府作为信息源的状况、情境因素是影响相信谣言者参与集合行为的因素。预测他人行为对自己的影响、从众是不相信谣言者和不知道谣言者参与集合行为的原因, 这是谣言产生的间接影响。     

本雅明电影救赎观对后现代电影观的影响

本雅明电影救赎观具有强烈的乌托邦色彩,他的很多电影理论至今仍能帮助我们很好地认识、解析和阐释当今电影的存在形态和特征。本雅明的复制理论、视觉无意识理论和艺术触觉理论等诸理论为解析当今时代电影法则提供了重要的理论源泉。