援越抗法与抗美援朝战略抉择的共同性

立国之初,新中国就被迫面对两场大规模的境外战争:印支半岛的越南抗法战争和在朝鲜半岛的朝鲜战争。两场战争都是冷战体制下的产物,不仅影响了新中国的地缘政治,还严重威胁着中国的独立与安全。新中国考虑到世界格局的性质和自己在世界格局中的位置,亟需捍卫自己的利益;另外,从中国共产党自身和国际共产主义运动的发展来看,新中国应该积极履行自己的国际主义义务,支持兄弟国家的民主民族斗争。这两方面因素最终使中国选择了援越抗法和抗美援朝。     

西方高等学校决策模式的嬗变及其启示

西方高等学校的决策模式的历史演变大致经历了三个阶段。在这个过程中,学术权威逐渐突出并得到保障,决策权力的分配由集中走向分散,决策模式由专制走向民主。这种变革对我国的高等教育改革不无启示。     

知识流在企业各层次间的流动与转化

在知识经济时代,如何能实现知识管理的成功应用已经成为关乎企业生存发展的关键因素之一。以知识流在企业各层次间的流动过程为视角,研究企业各层次间如何更好地实现知识共享与创新,并在此基础上建构敏捷组织知识学习二维度模型,为科学决策和成功实施知识管理提供依据。     

复杂经济系统的预测问题及综合集成法的应用

针对复杂经济系统的预测问题,分析了影响复杂经济系统预测结果及应用效果的原因。对综合集成法的思想在经济预测中的应用进行了探讨,提出了具体应采取的对策。     

资金约束供应链融资决策与协调策略研究综述

在梳理现有文献的基础上,从不同节点企业存在资金约束角度,对现有研究的模型方法、研究问题以及目标进行总结和述评;重点对供应链外部和内部融资方式下的供应链融资决策的定量研究成果进行了综述,并从契约合同以及商业信用融资两个方面对供应链协调策略的研究进行论述分析。通过文献综合分析,探讨已有研究成果存在的局限性,并指出未来研究方向。     

政策决策过程的社会稳定风险识别研究

中国面临着不断升级的社会性冲突风险,而政策决策和行为成为冲突风险的主要来源.政策从制定到实施都是一个利益分配和协调的过程,这个过程非常复杂和困难,一旦出现不协调和不平衡现象,就会出现风险.显然,识别政策决策过程的风险至关重要.构建社会稳定风险识别模型,并通过实际案例分析阐释利益群体引发风险的行动逻辑,将有助于决策主体在决策过程中围绕利益群体的价值观、决策属性、决策资源、执行制度进行风险识别,不断提高决策质量.     

美国应对第一次柏林危机的空运行动:决策动因与政治效应

1948-1949年发生的第一次柏林危机是冷战史上的重要事件,而美国应对危机的空运行动则是世界军事史上的奇特现象。美国采取该行动既是出于自身文化传统中"特殊使命观"影响下的维护"国家声誉"的诉求,也是由于受到冷战决策困境的制约。从行动成效上看,空运对美国组建西德国家计划的顺利展开、遏制苏联战略的实施以及国家软权力的提升都起到了积极的作用。     

An extension of the Electre I method for group decision-making under a fuzzy environment

Many real-world decision problems involve conflicting systems of criteria, uncertainty and imprecise information. Some also involve a group of decision makers (DMs) where a reduction of different individual preferences on a given set to a single collective preference is required. Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is a widely used decision methodology that can improve the quality of group multiple criteria decisions by making the process more explicit, rational and efficient. One family of MCDA models uses what is known as “outranking relations” to rank a set of actions. The Electre method and its derivatives are prominent outranking methods in MCDA. In this study, we propose an alternative fuzzy outranking method by extending the Electre I method to take into account the uncertain, imprecise and linguistic assessments provided by a group of DMs. The contribution of this paper is fivefold: (1) we address the gap in the Electre literature for problems involving conflicting systems of criteria, uncertainty and imprecise information; (2) we extend the Electre I method to take into account the uncertain, imprecise and linguistic assessments; (3) we define outranking relations by pairwise comparisons and use decision graphs to determine which action is preferable, incomparable or indifferent in the fuzzy environment; (4) we show that contrary to the TOPSIS rankings, the Electre approach reveals more useful information including the incomparability among the actions; and (5) we provide a numerical example to elucidate the details of the proposed method.     

基于实战效果的企业经营决策模拟教学研究

为了避免重大决策对企业经营的负面影响,解决决策成本过高的问题,文章从增强本科教学实战效果的角度根据784份调查问卷及实验心得体会来分析影响经营决策模拟教学的因素,并将实践教学中总结的成功经验导出,提出企业经营决策模拟的实验教学新法,为提升本科教学中学生实战能力给出有效依据。     

Ethical Decision-Making in the Helping Profession

Abstract

First, we examine several of the more prominent theoretical approaches in ethics (the utilitarian, absolute rule, principle based, and ethics of care approaches) and find the principle-based, common morality approach, and the ethics of care approach to be the two approaches that are most relevant to the types of ethical decisions practitioners characteristically are confronted with in a social work setting. We then propose combining these two approaches, taking into consideration the advantages and drawbacks of each, such that in application these two approaches can be seen to complement one another. We show in two brief hypothetical cases how the combined approach can be used to guide practitioners' ethical decision-making in real life situations.