The role of organisational drivers of exploration and exploitation – Market dynamism as a contingency factor

Simultaneously engaging in exploration and exploitation is crucial to firms' short- and long-term survival. Therefore, it is remarkable that many open questions remain regarding organisational contextual factors which support these distinct and complementary practices. Consequently, this study analyses the relations of three knowledge-related organisational contextual factors, namely customer involvement, knowledge sharing, and data-driven decision-making, with exploratory and exploitative practices. We further propose that these relationships are contingent on the degree of market dynamism, which we identify as a pivotal environmental contingency factor. To test our hypotheses, we create and compare two structural equation models based on a sample of 779 German firms, which we split at the median value of market dynamism. The relationships of knowledge sharing and data-driven decision-making with exploitation are positive, stable, and contingent on the degree of market dynamism, while the relations between the organisational factors and exploration tend to be less systematic. These findings foster a nuanced understanding of knowledge-related organisational contextual factors facilitating organisations’ simultaneous pursuit of exploration and exploitation in dependence on the market environment, which has not been extensively researched yet. Moreover, we illuminate links between the research on exploration and exploitation, ambidexterity, open innovation, information systems, and strategic management.     

走实证研究道路,使教育学成为科学--专访华东师范大学袁振国教授

实证研究即基于事实和证据的研究。实证研究体现了以理性为基础,以怀疑、独立、公益、变革等为内涵的思想精神,具有客观性、可量化、有定论和可验证等鲜明特点。教育研究与其他科学研究一样,在知识积累方面有共同的条件和特点。这些共同之处表现为知识累积的曲折性、知识累积的竞争性、知识累积的循环性以及人的复杂性。教育研究的发现是一个逐步累积的过程,这个过程是永无止境的。教育学要加快教育科学知识增长,必须聚焦科学问题并不断深化问题,加强实证研究。教育科学知识的增长需要研究方法的突破与创新。教育实证研究对增长教育科学知识、认识教育规律和提高教育决策科学化水平都具有重要作用。面向未来,我国教育工作者要加强学习规律的研究,加强学科之间的交叉融合研究,加强数字时代的教育治理研究,加强教育实证研究,加强因果推论研究,进而使教育研究的科学化水平再上一个台阶。     

Family support as a working style in child protection in Italy: A comparative study on social workers' child welfare attitudes

Comparative studies on child protection decision-making highlight the implications and determinants of differences in child welfare systems internationally and reinforce discussions regarding child protection practices and family support when a child is exposed to inadequate parental care. To date, Italian child protection studies have highlighted a system characterised by a strong degree of variability related to the absence of practices shared nationally. Differently, this comparative study focuses more on similarities within the Italian context, seeking to understand how they influence practices. The opinions of 188 Italian social workers with respect to the substantiation of maltreatment, risk assessment and intervention recommendations were compared with the results of a recent study involving practitioners in Israel, Northern Ireland, Spain and the Netherlands. The main outcomes show that Italian social workers prefer a family support orientation, meaning that children are usually removed from their home only if necessary and generally with the aim of reunification with their families. The study also reveals that Italian professionals are more in favour of residential care than foster care.     

The rise of market-based “choice” programs: 100 years of social sorting in social welfare services

Social service programs in the United States increasingly focus on giving individuals and families more “choices.” The approach is exemplified by “choice programs,” where people receive services through various forms of market participation. Examples of choice programs include defined contribution retirement plans, housing vouchers, charter schools, and health insurance marketplaces. Individuals across the socioeconomic spectrum have become accustomed to choice programs, and one's social status greatly affects the types, qualities, and prices of services people receive. The importance of the conversation around choice programs for providing access to resources is immense. Yet, despite contentious debate about their utility, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the institutionalization and widespread adoption of choice programs across a diverse range of social service domains. This article synthesizes stratification literature on retirement, healthcare, education, and housing to document the historical rise of choice programs. Particular attention is given to explaining how behavioral patterns and routines become second nature, altering who benefits, who is left out, and the overall effectiveness of the social welfare system.     

家族企业股东异质性与CEO选聘决策

家族企业积极引入并利用非家族资本时,CEO人选对其职业化经营和现代化转型具有重要促进作用。基于2004—2017年中国2 065家上市家族企业数据,从家族企业股东异质性的视角考察了其对家族企业CEO人选的影响。研究发现：家族大股东和非家族大股东投票权不对称性与职业经理人担任CEO显著负相关。非家族大股东类型越多,投票权不对称性与职业经理人担任CEO的负相关关系越强,但家族股东数量增加会抵消这种作用。横截面差异检验表明,不同类型非家族大股东对CEO人选具有不同的影响,未发生代际传承、由家族直接创办、审计质量较低的家族企业,投票权不对称性与职业经理人担任CEO之间的负相关关系更强。研究结论表明,家族式的非制度管理可能成为家族企业高质量发展的瓶颈,积极引入非家族股东并保持权力制衡有助于职业经理人的引入,这对于企业最终实现高质量发展意义重大。     

美军武器装备采办的决策体制刍议

武器装备采办是一项规模很大且及其复杂的系统工程。一个国家的采办体制科学与否会直接关系到这个国家的经济建设和国防建设。美军的武器装备采办体制是建立在市场经济基础上长期采办实践的产物，多年来在采办体制上积累了许多先进的思想和经验，值得我们学习和借鉴。在分析美军武器装备采办决策体制的基础上研究美军的采办运行机制，对实现我军装备采购工作的发展具有一定的借鉴意义，     

浅谈如何发挥综合统计在高校管理中的作用

通过分析统计工作现状，认为正确认识并充分发挥综合统计工作的积极作用是解决目前高校管理中存在问题的重要途径。文章分别从为领导决策服务功能、查询服务功能、监督功能以及对其他管理工作的促进作用四方面阐述综合统计工作的重要作用。     

在王府与卫所之间：明代晋府群牧所的设立及其运作

群牧所是明代亲王府的军事组织之一，以千户所为编制，又称“群牧千户所”。群牧所同时隶属于王府系统和都司卫所系统，参与到孳牧、屯田、供给柴炭、守御王城等多项事务中，对于理解明代军事制度与宗藩问题有非常重要的意义。然而，以往对明代王府军事组织的研究主要集中于王府护卫，鲜有学者关注群牧所。明代前期，晋王府设立了晋府群牧所。永乐二十一年，明廷从晋藩的太原三护卫中拨出一个千户所的官军随侍平阳王朱美圭就藩，其中不少官军来到晋西南的平阳府蒲州临晋县开展屯田、牧养马匹。宣德二年，明廷将晋王朱济熿废为庶人，革去了太原三护卫、晋府群牧所和晋府仪卫司。一年后，随侍平阳王朱美圭的晋藩护卫官军被就近调入平阳卫安置，成立了平阳卫中左所。宣德十年，明廷将朱美圭封为晋王后，复设了晋府群牧所。复设后的晋府群牧所，很大程度上由此前随侍朱美圭的官军组成，这些官军先后经历了从晋王府调入平阳卫，又从平阳卫调回晋王府的调拨过程，并有许多官军继承了护卫军时的屯田和牧马地，继续留在了晋西南。晋府群牧所署位于晋王府的王城内，晋府群牧所正千户一般居于王城。此外，至少有三名晋府群牧所副千户负责管理地方上的屯庄，其中的两名副千户率军在晋西南开...     

Gender discrimination and career decision-making difficulties among female Chinese college students: The buffering role of coping styles

The current study examined the relationship between gender discrimination and a form of career decision-making difficulties: emotional and personality-related career decision-making difficulties among female Chinese college students. It further examined the buffering effect of coping styles on the above relationship. A series of hierarchical regression analyses were conducted on a sample of 1427 female Chinese college students from 19 universities located in different regions in China. Results indicated that only suppressive style of coping served as a buffer on the relationship between gender discrimination and career decision-making difficulties. Also, gender discrimination, reflective style of coping, and reactive style of coping were positively associated with career decision-making difficulties. These results supported the need to develop career interventions focusing on discussion of gender discrimination, its impact on one's career decisions, as well as teaching distraction coping strategies in reducing the negative impact of gender discrimination on career decision-making difficulties among female Chinese college students.     

Story-building and narrative in social workers' case-talk: A model of social work sensemaking

Despite the importance of decision-making in child and family social work, how social workers make sense of information in undertaking assessments and making decisions has received limited attention. Drawing on an ethnographic study of four child and family social work teams across two English local authorities, this article demonstrates how social workers make sense of the lives of children and families through a story-building process. Data comprise interviews with social workers and supervisors (n = 22), recordings of one-to-one supervision (n = 17) and observations of everyday case-talk (n = 21). A model of social work sensemaking is offered, consisting of three stages: (1) initial formulations, (2) developing the narrative and (3) adopted account. Across these stages, social workers engage in different forms of sensemaking activity, such as case framing, testing and weighing information, and generating hypotheses. Collegial and supervisory case-talk provide opportunities for social workers to scrutinize their developing narratives; however, some forms of case-talk can limit or shortcut sensemaking. This model has applications for practitioners and organizations as a tool to promote reflection on how social workers make sense of their cases. Further recommendations include social workers having access to formal and informal reflective spaces where sensemaking case-talk can take place.