Ramifications of Risk Measures in Implementing Quantitative Performance Assessment for the Proposed Radioactive Waste Repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA

As part of its preparation to review a potential license application from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is examining the performance of the proposed Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository. In this regard, we evaluated postclosure repository performance using Monte Carlo analyses with an NRC-developed system model that has 950 input parameters, of which 330 are sampled to represent system uncertainties. The quantitative compliance criterion for dose was established by NRC to protect inhabitants who might be exposed to any releases from the repository. The NRC criterion limits the peak-of-the-mean dose, which in our analysis is estimated by averaging the potential exposure at any instant in time for all Monte Carlo realizations, and then determining the maximum value of the mean curve within 10000 years, the compliance period. This procedure contrasts in important ways with a more common measure of risk based on the mean of the ensemble of peaks from each Monte Carlo realization. The NRC chose the former (peak-of-the-mean) because it more correctly represents the risk to an exposed individual. Procedures for calculating risk in the expected case of slow repository degradation differ from those for low-probability cases of disruption by external forces such as volcanism. We also explored the possibility of risk dilution (i.e., lower calculated risk) that could result from arbitrarily defining wide probability distributions for certain parameters. Finally, our sensitivity analyses to identify influential parameters used two approaches: (1). the ensemble of doses from each Monte Carlo realization at the time of the peak risk (i.e., peak-of-the-mean) and (2). the ensemble of peak doses calculated from each realization within 10000 years. The latter measure appears to have more discriminatory power than the former for many parameters (based on the greater magnitude of the sensitivity coefficient), but can yield different rankings, especially for parameters that influence the timing of releases.     

信息化条件下优化战斗力生成模式的思考

以信息技术为主导的军事技术发展催生新的战斗力生成模式。信息化条件下战斗力生成模式是以信息为其主导要素,以系统性为其内在要求,以集约式为其本质特征。信息化条件下优化战斗力生成,必须发挥信息主导作用,遵循系统发展规律,以战斗力各要素综合集成为新的战斗力增长点,实现集约式战斗力生成。     

Optimal designs for threshold-determining limiting dilution assays

In common with other non-linear models, the optimal design for a limiting dilution assay (LDA) depends on the value of the unknown parameter, θ$\theta$, in the model. Consequently optimal designs cannot be specified unless some assumptions are made about the possible values of θ$\theta$. If a prior distribution can be specified then a Bayesian approach can be adopted. A proper specification of the Bayesian approach requires the aim of the experiment to be described and quantified through an appropriate utility function. This paper addresses the problem of finding optimal designs for LDAs when the aim is to determine whether θ$\theta$ is above or below a specified threshold, _θ0${\theta }_0$.     

商标的混淆、联想、淡化及其相关理论之比较探析

现代社会,商品竞争逐渐异化为商标的竞争,这种竞争趋势促进了商标功能的变化,使得商标的功能从单纯的识别作用向表彰作用扩张,导致了传统的商标混淆理论向联想、淡化理论的发展。因此,商标侵权理论的发展是一个从防止商品混淆到关注全面保护商标的过程。淡化不仅侵害商标的显著性和识别性,同时亦侵害了商标所体现的商誉。     

论驰名商标的反淡化保护

驰名商标淡化行为是一种减少或削弱驰名商标显著性的侵权行为,以制止混淆为基础的传统商标保护理论对此不但无能为力,反而成为认定该种商标侵权的障碍。加强和完善我国驰名商标反淡化保护已不容置疑,因此有必要通过提高驰名商标反淡化保护的立法层次,扩大驰名商标反淡化保护的范围,对未注册商标提供反淡化保护以及将其保护延及网络域名等等进一步完善我国驰名商标反淡化保护制度。     

商标淡化制度在我国立法中的运用

在分析商标淡化制度的基础上,指出商标淡化是指减少、削弱驰名商标或其他具有相当知名度商标的识别性和显著性,损害、玷污该商标的行为。该制度已为美国、德国、法国立法以及《巴黎公约》等国际公约所采用,对于驰名商标的保护发挥了重要作用。为适应新的形势,建议我国商标法采用该种制度,在立法中明确商标淡化的概念并对商标淡化制度作出系统的规定。     

我国驰名商标反淡化保护立法研究

淡化是一种严重侵害驰名商标权利人利益的侵权行为,我国驰名商标反淡化保护制度在商标淡化行为的概念界定、商标淡化行为的表现形式、认定标准、法律后果的承担等方面还存在立法上的空白。基于对商标权人利益的保护,应当从以下两方面完善驰名商标反淡化立法：将驰名商标淡化理论纳入《商标法》,明确驰名商标淡化的法律性质;明确驰名商标淡化行为人的民事法律责任。     

一种区域卫星定位系统的星座方案

提出了一种用静止卫星和同步椭圆轨道卫星构造的区域卫星定位系统。并以GDOP最小化为目标,对该系统的星座参数进行了优化。利用仿真得到了该星座在我国的性能指标,并和GPS星座进行了比较。仿真结果表明,该方案能够满足我国及周边地区的卫星定位需要。     

水土保持与荒漠化防治专业双语教学初探

该文从双语教学的定义和内涵着手,阐述了水土保持与荒漠化防治专业开展双语教学的必要性。同时文章针对水土保持与荒漠化防治专业开展双语教学的几个关键问题,例如双语教学师资队伍建设、英文原版教材引进、如何提高双语教学质量、应采用的教学手段、设立双语教学激励机制以及建立双语教学评估体系等进行了初步探讨,指出双语教学的开展对培养高层次、高素质的水土保持与荒漠化防治专业人才具有重要的意义。     

论驰名商标的淡化侵权及其救济

驰名商标享有很高的信誉度和知名度 ,具有财产和识别的双重价值。因此 ,世界各国都通过各种措施对驰名商标进行特别保护。在众多的保护措施中 ,其中有一项重要的保护措施就是对驰名商标进行反淡化保护。本文结合我国 2 0 0 1年新修订的《商标法》及国际立法 ,对驰名商标的淡化问题从淡化的表现、危害、淡化行为的认定、反淡化的救济措施等方面略作探讨 ,以抛砖引玉。