哲思逻辑的判定问题

在哲思逻辑系统内,有同时遵守矛盾律和排中律的经典否定联结词,有遵守矛盾律而不遵守排中律的构造性否定联结词,有不遵守矛盾律而遵守排中律的弗协调否定联结词,还有既不遵守矛盾律又不遵守排中律的辩证否定联结词.哲思逻辑是可判定的,其判定方法包括分支真值表、分支归谬赋值法和分支树图方法等.     

运用Leontief逆矩阵进行完全关联分析暗含假设条件

完全关联分析通常以Leontief逆矩阵为基础,而Leontief逆矩阵的计算又以竞争型投入产出表为数据来源。经推导发现：以竞争型投入产出表为数据来源计算Leontief逆矩阵暗含假设条件,国内产业的直接消耗系数矩阵等于国外产业的直接消耗系数矩阵。根据OECD提供的投入产出数据验证该假设条件,其结论是该假设条件不能满足,故在完全关联分析中要以非竞争型投入产出表为数据来源,因为非竞争型投入产出表区分了国产品与进口品的中间使用和最终使用,而且以非竞争型投入产出表为数据来源进行完全关联分析不受上述假设条件的限制。     

Testing stochastic orders in tails of contingency tables

Testing for the difference in the strength of bivariate association in two independent contingency tables is an important issue that finds applications in various disciplines. Currently, many of the commonly used tests are based on single-index measures of association. More specifically, one obtains single-index measurements of association from two tables and compares them based on asymptotic theory. Although they are usually easy to understand and use, often much of the information contained in the data is lost with single-index measures. Accordingly, they fail to fully capture the association in the data. To remedy this shortcoming, we introduce a new summary statistic measuring various types of association in a contingency table. Based on this new summary statistic, we propose a likelihood ratio test comparing the strength of association in two independent contingency tables. The proposed test examines the stochastic order between summary statistics. We derive its asymptotic null distribution and demonstrate that the least favorable distributions are chi-bar distributions. We numerically compare the power of the proposed test to that of the tests based on single-index measures. Finally, we provide two examples illustrating the new summary statistics and the related tests.     

重庆市信息产业投入产出分析

通过编制重庆市信息产业投入产出表,定量地反映了重庆市信息产业的投入产出关系,进而考察了信息产业与其他产业的关联度、影响力、感应度以及完全消耗关系。认为信息产业对重庆市经济的影响甚大,但同时也是重庆经济发展的瓶颈,传统的三次产业对信息资源的利用程度还较低;同时还验证了重庆市以信息化带动工业化战略的合理性。     

Bayesian population reconstruction of female populations for less developed and more developed countries

We show that Bayesian population reconstruction, a recent method for estimating past populations by age, works for data of widely varying quality. Bayesian reconstruction simultaneously estimates age-specific population counts, fertility rates, mortality rates, and net international migration flows from fragmentary data, while formally accounting for measurement error. As inputs, Bayesian reconstruction uses initial bias-reduced estimates of standard demographic variables. We reconstruct the female populations of three countries: Laos, a country with little vital registration data where population estimation depends largely on surveys; Sri Lanka, a country with some vital registration data; and New Zealand, a country with a highly developed statistical system and good quality vital registration data. In addition, we extend the method to countries without censuses at regular intervals. We also use it to assess the consistency of results between model life tables and available census data, and hence to compare different model life table systems.     

Sensitivity analysis for incomplete contingency tables: the Slovenian plebiscite case

Classical inferential procedures induce conclusions from a set of data to a population of interest, accounting for the imprecision resulting from the stochastic component of the model. Less attention is devoted to the uncertainty arising from (unplanned) incompleteness in the data. Through the choice of an identifiable model for non-ignorable non-response, one narrows the possible data-generating mechanisms to the point where inference only suffers from imprecision. Some proposals have been made for assessing the sensitivity to these modelling assumptions; many are based on fitting several plausible but competing models. For example, we could assume that the missing data are missing at random in one model, and then fit an additional model where non-random missingness is assumed. On the basis of data from a Slovenian plebiscite, conducted in 1991, to prepare for independence, it is shown that such an ad hoc procedure may be misleading. We propose an approach which identifies and incorporates both sources of uncertainty in inference: imprecision due to finite sampling and ignorance due to incompleteness. A simple sensitivity analysis considers a finite set of plausible models. We take this idea one step further by considering more degrees of freedom than the data support. This produces sets of estimates (regions of ignorance) and sets of confidence regions (combined into regions of uncertainty).     

Bayes admissible estimation of the means in Poisson decomposable graphical models

We investigate the Bayes estimation of the means in Poisson decomposable graphical models. Some classes of Bayes estimators are provided which improve on the maximum likelihood estimator under the normalized squared error loss. Both proper and improper priors are included in the proposed classes of priors. Concerning the generalized Bayes estimators with respect to the improper priors, we address their admissibility.     

A Comparative Study of Handicap-free Life Expectancy of China in 1987 and 2006

After the first large scale national sampling survey on handicapped persons in 1987, China conducted its second national sampling survey in 2006. Using the data from these two surveys and the national life tables, we computed and compared the expected years of life free of handicapped condition by the Sullivan method. The expected years of life lived with handicap for the Chinese population increased from 4.87 years for males and 5.81 years for females in 1987 to 5.55 years and 6.32 years in 2006, respectively. The same trend was observed for people in working ages (15–64) and old ages (65+). However, the expected years of life lived with handicap decreased for children (0–14). Our results also showed that the effect of skeletal handicap increased notably for both sexes. Healthy life expectancy is an important indicator in measuring quality of life of a population. Our study utilized this measurement to quantify one aspect of quality of life of the Chinese population.     

中国CO2排放变动的结构因素分析——一个包含贸易结构的分解模型

利用投入产出方法测算出2002-2007年度中国隐含碳排放总量和分部门的排放量,并应用结构分解法研究了排放强度、生产技术、国内需求结构、贸易结构和经济规模五个因素对隐含碳排放变动的影响.研究结果表明,排放强度和国内需求结构的变动是碳排放量减少的主要原因,生产技术、贸易结构和经济规模对碳排放量的增加有显著影响.从部门结构上看,贸易结构因素反映了中国对外贸易分布特征的变化,与其他影响因素相比贸易结构的变迁对碳排放量的影响最小;另外,虽然直接碳排强度明显下降,但受碳排强度因素和生产技术因素共同影响的完全碳排强度却几乎没有变化,反映出能源政策在各部门的实际效果受到生产技术的影响.     

非数罪若干形态辨析

结合犯、牵连犯、想象竞合犯以及结果加重犯不属于数罪形态 ,它们的构成和彼此之间的区别容易引起争议和造成一些模糊认识 ,为此给以辨析