瓦斯和煤尘监测的配风模型

本文针对煤矿安全亟待解决的问题,利用概率统计等知识,分析判断煤矿类型和不安全因素,为建立井下瓦斯和煤尘监测的配风模型,给出求解模型相应的配风方案,实现瓦斯和煤尘浓度的优化控制,为消除煤矿爆炸隐患,实现安全生产,进行瓦斯和煤尘的监测与控制一直是极为被重点关注和解决的重要问题,从而为提供了可行性的参考依据。     

玻璃管空气预热器的优化设计

本文研究玻璃管空气预热器的优化问题,提出了管式空气预热器优化设计的通用计算机软件,并进行了实例计算。同时还对卧式空气预热器的经济流速和最佳风烟速比进行了讨论。     

可用余热分析与工业锅炉的最优排烟温度

本文提出了可用余热分析方法及相应的数学模型,并对工业锅炉的最优排烟温度进行了分析。     

α-Fe_2O_3气敏材料及添加剂的作用

α-Fe_2O_3是可不用添加贵金属而对 H_2、CH_4等可燃性气体敏感的一种材料.有稳定性好,价格低等优点.本文介绍了用化学共沉法制备掺杂 α-Fe_2O_3的工艺以及掺杂剂、硫酸根等在α-Fe_2O_3气敏性中的作用,并进行了分析讨论.     

Estimation of Vulnerable Zones Due to Accidental Release of Toxic Materials Resulting in Dense Gas Clouds

Heavy gas dispersion models have been developed at IIT (hereinafter referred as IIT heavy gas models I and II) with a view to estimate vulnerable zones due to accidental (both instantaneous and continuous, respectively) release of dense toxic material in the atmosphere. The results obtained from IIT heavy gas models have been compared with those obtained from the DEGADIS model [Dense Gas Dispersion Model, developed by Havens and Spicer (1985) for the U.S. Coast Guard] as well as with the observed data collected during the Burro Series, Maplin Sands, and Thorney Island field trials. Both of these models include relevant features of dense gas dispersion, viz., gravity slumping, air entrainment, cloud heating, and transition to the passive phase, etc. The DEGADIS model has been considered for comparing the performance of IIT heavy gas models in this study because it incorporates most of the physical processes of dense gas dispersion in an elaborate manner, and has also been satisfactorily tested against field observations. The predictions from IIT heavy gas models indicate a fairly similar trend to the observed values from Thorney Island, Burro Series, and Maplin experiments with a tendency toward overprediction. There is a good agreement between the prediction of IIT Heavy Gas models I and II with those from DEGADIS, except for the simulations of IIT heavy gas model-I pertaining to very large release quantities under highly stable atmospheric conditions. In summary, the performance of IIT heavy gas models have been found to be reasonably good both with respect to the limited field data available and various simulations (selected on the basis of relevant storages in the industries and prevalent meteorological conditions performed with DEGADIS). However, there is a scope of improvement in the IIT heavy gas models (viz., better formulation for entrainment, modification of coefficients, transition criteria, etc.). Further, isotons (nomograms) have been prepared by using IIT heavy gas models for chlorine, which provide safe distance for various storage amounts for 24 meteorological scenarios prevalent in the entire year. These nomograms are prepared such that a nonspecialist can use them easily for control and management in case of an emergency requiring the evacuation of people in the affected region. These results can also be useful for siting and limiting the storage quantities.     

中亚地区油气竞合表象下的政治博弈与中国策略

油气资源是当今世界极为重要的战略资源。中亚地区蕴藏着丰富的油气资源,同时具有重要的地缘政治优势,以美国、俄罗斯为主的一些世界大国纷纷参与该区域的油气开发,彼此之间展开油气领域的竞争与合作。油气竞合背后体现的是国家之间的政治博弈。面对这一形势,中国需要处理好“两种关系”、重视“两种利益诉求”、利用好“一个纽带”和“一个平台”,即：有效平衡中国与美国、中国与俄罗斯在中亚油气合作中的关系;重视印度与日本在中亚油气合作中的利益诉求;充分发挥“丝绸之路经济带”的纽带作用和上海合作组织的平台作用,从而确保我国能源战略的有效推进。     

气体过冷极限的理论探讨及预测

根据流体的稳定性原理,用化学热力学方法系统探讨了气体的稳定性,发现气体的过冷极限对比温度与对比压力之间存在的普遍规律。结果表明,气体的过冷极限与气体的压力密切相关,压力愈低,气体的液化所需要的温度愈低;液化气体的有效方法是在对气体加压的同时降温。据此发展了预测气体过冷极限的理论方法和应用化工计算的实用方法。     

论我国油气田污水监管制度的完善--以美国的实践为借鉴

加强能源生产的环境监管是生态文明建设的重--求。油气田污水业已成为油气生产中的主要废水来源。然而,我国的油气田污水监管制度存在侧重外排控制而忽视回注监管;重事后救济而轻过程监管;依赖行业自律而缺乏强制性规范等问题。相对而言,美国有着较为严格的油气田污水监管制度。基于我国油气田污水监管制度的问题和美国的监管经验,我国需要从建立油气田污水回注监管制度以及鼓励油气田污水循环利用2个方面完善油气田污水监管制度,从而填补监管漏洞,实现合理有效的油气田污水处理,预防和减轻油气开采造成的环境损害。     

The State of Play in Poland's Unconventional Shale and Oil Development

Following initial geological assessments, Poland was identified as having one of the largest reserves of unconventional natural gas in the European Union. The Poles, seeking to diversify their energy sources, met the news with tremendous fanfare. However, shale gas development often requires voluminous speculative activity before the gas can be successfully extracted – an activity which has been rare in Poland, where a lack of critical infrastructure coupled with bureaucratic red tape in the permission process has led to slow growth in exploration activities. This article examines the current situation in Poland's unconventional gas and oil development.     

油气生产成本的组合预测研究

进行油气生产成本预测是增强资源型产业竞争力的有效机制。然而油气生产成本内容的相对复杂性导致单一预测方法存在预测信息不够周全、预测价值有限的弊端,通过实施单一预测结果的误差分析,获取组合预测模型的修正权重,应用组合化模型进行油气生产成本预测,能够有效发挥单一预测方法的优势,获取相对优化的整体预测结果。