国有商业银行信贷资产风险分析及控制研究

在现阶段社会信用程度依然低下 ,形形色色的政府干预依然存在 ,现代商业银行制度尚未建立和完善的背景下 ,我国国有商业银行信贷资产风险的控制将是一项艰巨而复杂的系统工程。文章通过剖析信贷资产风险形成的内外部因素 ,阐述了信贷资产风险的形成机制 ,提出了控制信贷资产风险的针对性措施。     

商业环境空间的设计探索

现代商业环境空间设计需要满足人们的生理、心理等要求 ,需要综合地处理人与环境、人际交往等多项关系 ,需要在为人服务的前提下 ,满足使用功能、经济效益、舒适美观、环境氛围等种种要求。由于设计的过程中矛盾错综复杂 ,问题千头万绪 ,设计者要清醒地认识到必须坚持以人为本、为人服务的思想 ,把满足人和人际活动的需要作为设计的核心。设计者始终要把人对商业环境空间的需求———包括物质使用和精神两方面———放在设计的首位。同时本着“多样化统一”的观点 ,塑造出各具特色的商业空间环境     

略论国有商业银行资本充足率

商业银行抵御金融风险的能力和业务扩张的能力取决于资本实力。国际上的《巴塞尔协议》和我国《商业银行法》都规定商业银行资本充足率不得低于 8%。我国国有商业银行由于自我积累率低、筹资渠道单一、资产结构不合理等原因 ,资本充足率长期偏低 ,竞争劣势明显。为此 ,我国国有商业银行必须采取有效措施 ,尽快提高资本充足率 ,增强竞争力 ,主动迎接外资银行的挑战     

商业银行对中小企业"惜贷"的原因及对策

我国商业银行在中小企业贷款问题上存在明显的"惜贷"倾向.其直接原因是中小企业普遍经济效益较差、信用不良、信息不透明,使银行无法保证预期收益.内部原因是两类激励相容问题,一是利率法定、企业缺乏抵押担保等客观因素所导致的商业银行与中小企业之间的激励不相容;二是内部制度不完善所导致的商业银行所有者与各级经营者之间的激励不相容.要从根本上解决这一难题,必须加快商业银行现代企业制度建设,推进信用担保资源社会化和利率自由化进程,同时也有待于中小企业整体经济效益的好转、社会信用及法制的完善和经济体制市场化改革的持续深入.     

Restoring complex vegetation in urban settings: The case of tidal freshwater marshes

Tidal freshwater marshes have diverse plant communities that vary spatially and temporally due to hydrology, animal activity, and other factors. Development of urban centers along rivers of the U.S. Atlantic coast has reduced the historic extent and quality of these and other coastal wetlands. Because the vegetation of these wetlands is more complex than that of salt and brackish marshes (where restoration of vegetation typical of natural systems has sometimes been successful), restoration of tidal freshwater marsh vegetation is likely to be more difficult, particularly in urban areas. Watershed urbanization alters hydrology, sediment load, propagule availability and composition, nutrient status, and other variables that together create an environment different from that of wetlands in less developed areas, possibly precluding restoration of typical marsh vegetation. Tidal freshwater wetlands were historically extensive along the Anacostia River in Washington, DC, but most of these were lost due to filling, dredging, or hydrologic alteration. Over the last decade, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has implemented projects designed to restore tidal freshwater wetlands along the Anacostia, which involved increasing elevation with dredged river sediment and planting native vegetation. To illustrate some of the mechanisms affecting vegetation development in restored tidal freshwater marshes in urban areas, I present a case study on one of these wetlands, Kingman Marsh, that also includes research at another restored wetland and two natural reference sites. Studies by my research groups indicate that the restored wetlands undergo essentially a planting-modified process of primary succession. Low densities of seeds are initially present in the substrate, and prolific seed dispersal into the restored sites results in high initial plant diversity comprised of plantings and ruderal (i.e. weedy) natives and exotics. Seed banks develop rapidly at the restored sites, probably due to colonization and early reproduction by ruderal species. Hydrology and disturbance by non-native animals (including resident Canada goose) are important variables controlling establishment of vegetation in these systems. Recent literature and the case study indicate that the environmental conditions of urban settings impose constraints in restored wetlands that result in plant communities more like those of urban natural wetlands than those of wetlands in less urbanized watersheds. This suggests that rather than design wetland restoration projects with the goal of creating pristine wetland vegetation, restorationists must identify, accept, and if possible capitalize on the ecological constraints of the urban environment in setting achievable and desirable restoration goals.     

论我国商事立法的“民商合一”

文章从历史、现状、缘由等方面对我国商事立法的"民商合一"进行论述,并提出"民商合一"与"民商分立"的争论不必再继续下去,应付诸于实践.可效仿美国统一商法典的制订,由我国的法律委员会及法学会制订一部商法典并试行,让实践来检验其合理性.     

商业银行的中小企业信贷风险因素及其管理对策

中小企业信贷风险高被认为是造成其融资难的关键原因,也是商业银行信贷风险管理的难点之一.实证调查的结果表明,影响中小企业信贷风险的因素可归纳为企业、银行和环境三大方面十二个关键因素.就商业银行可控因素而言,应从内控机制等四方面入手化解中小企业信贷风险.但不同的被试类别对风险因素和策略表现出不同的看法.     

战国秦汉时期商人和商业资本对农村经济的作用

战国秦汉时期 ,商人商业资本对农村经济的作用主要表现在 :一方面促进了小农经济与地主经济的发展 ;另一方面 ,则瓦解了农村经济的基础     

基于PCA商业银行经济效益评价研究

多年以来，提高商业银行的经济效益一直都是中国政府、银行监管部门关注的焦点，也始终是中国金融问题得以解决的核心。文章阐述了经济效益的概念，并进一步提出商业银行经济效益的涵义，建立商业银行经济效益评价指标体系，运用主成分分析模型得出商业银行经济效益的评价结果并进行了相应地分析。     

金融制度变革与县域产业结构发展——内蒙古县域经济视角

按照商业银行经营管理的原则和城市化、集约化的市场定位要求,代表国家利益的四大国有商业银行面对大量坏帐开始逐步放弃对欠发达县域经济的支持模式,使县域政府主导的产业发展模式面临着调整的困境。在这种困境中,县域产业结构调整实际上就是企业的衰败所带动的行业的衰败甚至消亡,在缺乏外部资金的条件下,旗县政府和企业只能被动接受现实。