传统立轴式大风车及其龙骨水车之调查与复原

2004—2006年,中国科学院自然科学史研究所与台湾南台科技大学等单位在苏北联合开展中国立轴式大风车的复原与调查。项目已经在若干方面取得了进展:寻访到陈亚等当年制作、维修风车的木匠;遵循传统工艺和传统用料,按照1∶1的比例复原了一部具备实用功能的大风车及一部受之驱动的龙骨水车;考察了与风车有关的民俗。主要记叙此次调查与复原制作的过程,并初步探讨技术田野调查与复原研究的方法。     

基于需求层次理论的大学生中国特色文化英语交际能力培养模式研究

培养大学生用英语表达中国特色文化的交际能力是时代的迫切需求。教师在教学工作中，以需求层次分析理论为指导，创建新的教学模式，可以有效地帮助学生提高用英语表达中国特色文化的交际能力。创建新的教学模式可以从三个方面展开：改革教学内容，革新教学手段，合理利用教学资源。     

The lawyers’ war: states and human rights in a transnational field

While torture and assassination have not infrequently been used by states, the post 9/11 ‘war on terror’ waged by the US has been distinguished by the open acknowledgement of, and political and legal justifications put forward in support of, these practices. This is surprising insofar as the primary theories that have been mobilized by sociologists and political scientists to understand the relation between the spread of human rights norms and state action presume that states will increasingly adhere to such norms in their rhetoric, if not always in practice. Thus, while it is not inconceivable that the US would engage in torture and assassination, we would expect these acts would be conducted under a cloak of deniability. Yet rather than pure hypocrisy, the US war on terror has been characterized by the development of a legal infrastructure to support the use of ‘forbidden’ practices such as torture and assassination, along with varying degrees of open defence of such tactics. Drawing on first-order accounts presented in published memoirs, this paper argues that the Bush administration developed such openness as a purposeful strategy, in response to the rise of a legal, technological, and institutional transnational human rights infrastructure which had turned deniability into a less sustainable option. It concludes by suggesting that a more robust theory of state action, drawing on sociological field theory, can help better explain the ways that transnational norms and institutions affect states.     

体育嘉年华取代高校运动会实践研究

长期以来高校运动会的模式以田径项目为主,弱化了强身健体的功能,缺乏趣味性的集体项目,导致学生参与的积极性不高,竞赛规程限制了参赛人数,积分方式主要以田径比赛成绩评出团体总分,挫伤了学生参与的积极性。因此,高校运动会的改革势在必行。无锡南洋职业技术学院以体育嘉年华取代田径运动会,对运动会形式、积分方式、运动会项目、运动会开闭幕式进行了一系列改革,融健身性、趣味性、竞争性、知识性和教育性于一体,充分调动了学生参与的积极性,培养了终身体育意识,丰富了校园体育文化,使运动会真正成为学生积极参与的体育盛会,取得了一定的效果。     

语言经济原则下的交际语用失误成因分析

在语言的使用过程中，不仅语言本身会影响语言交际，语用因素也在其中起到了至关重要的作用，所以，在交际中，特别是跨文化交际中，语用失误会直接影响语言交际的有效性。本文将从语言的最基本属性之一——经济原则为基本出发点，对交际语用失误进行分析，指出交际语用失误是由交际参与者对缺省信息填补过程中在认知语境、文化规约以及思维方式方面信息获取的错失或不当所引起的。     

教学场域的语用学分析

教学活动从本质上来看就是在教学场域中通过语言所进行的师生之间的交往活动。在语用学看来，教学活动的话语分析主要包括三个方面的内涵：首先是教学共同体的话语建构，即包含教师与学生在内的双向建构和双重整合；其次是教学意向性的语用行为，这也是两种不同话语体系的意向性融合过程；最后是教学场域的权力及其规制，既要充分考虑到学生的话语自由，又要有策略地发挥教育的功能。     

Teaching outside of the box: a short-term international internship for pre-service and in-service physical education teachers

This article reports on results from a qualitative study of a two-week international internship for pre-service and in-service physical education (PE) teachers in a developing nation (Belize). Relying upon data from questionnaires that were administered before and after the short-term international internship, participants’ perspectives related to their professional and personal development were investigated. Understanding the overlap that necessarily exists between professional and personal growth, five themes are identified and discussed. These include: (1) Kids are Kids (Or are they?), (2) Relationships Matter, (3) Cooperation and Collaboration in Teaching: Learning Together, (4) Teaching without Bells and Whistles, and (5) Recognising One’s Own Privilege. In light of these findings, some suggestions for future practice and inquiry are offered.     

Approximation of IMSE-optimal Designs via Quadrature Rules and Spectral Decomposition

We address the problem of computing integrated mean-squared error (IMSE) optimal designs for interpolation of random fields with known mean and covariance. We assume that the mean squared error is integrated through a discrete measure and restrict the design space to its support. We show that the IMSE and its approximation by spectral truncation can be easily evaluated, which makes their global minimization affordable. Numerical experiments are carried out that illustrate the effectiveness of the approach.     

What is a global field? Theorizing fields beyond the nation-state

While scholarship on global and transnational fields has been emerging, hitherto contributions have rarely or not explicitly discussed how Bourdieu's field theory has to be altered when its use expands from a national to a global scale. Starting from the premise that a global field is not a national field writ large, this paper discusses strategies and elements for revising field theory for use beyond national borders. Specifically, the article first proposes analogical theorizing as a systematic approach for extending and modifying the tools of field theory at a global level. Analogical theorizing offers a method for constructing the object in a global context in a way that goes beyond rescaling and minimizes the risk of deductive reification. Against this background and drawing from research on the global visual art field, the article offers criteria for delineating a global field and distinguishes relative functional and vertical autonomy. Finally, it discusses how the concept of ‘relative vertical autonomy’ contributes in three ways to the development of global field analysis: for theorizing emergence; examining global-national interdependencies; and denationalizing Bourdieu's concept of ‘national capital’.     

Decision-making in Social Work Field Education: A “Good Enough” Framework

This qualitative study was designed to explore decision-making processes used by directors of field education in social work programs in the USA. It is a follow-up to previous research showing the dilemmas that field directors face [specifics deleted to maintain the integrity of the review process]. We asked 22 field directors to explain how they would handle different dilemmas designed to simulate the kinds of issues that typically arise in field education. Analyses revealed that field directors use a four-dimensional decision-making process to address competing demands, employing a ‘good enough’ framework. The four dimensions include student learning, professional ethics, agency relationships, and administrative expectations.