空间介词语义延伸的认知阐释

以原型理论、隐喻认知机制为支点,探讨空间介词语义延伸的心理认知过程,我们发现,介词语义是以“空间”原型为认知参照点,以家族相似性不断向外扩展延伸;隐喻认知机制使空间介词具有巨大的语义生成力;语义场是实施空间介词语义延伸的保障。     

裸眼完井下的大位移井裂缝起裂研究

随着大位移井数量的增加,大位移井压裂逐渐成为油气藏的一种重要增产技术手段。大位移井水力压裂裂缝起裂与直井、普通定向井有显著差别,其起裂模式不仅与井眼轨迹(井斜角、方位角等) 有关,而且还与地应力方位密切相关。以往的斜井裂缝起裂模式已经不能满足大位移井压裂设计的需要。考虑作业条件、压裂液渗滤效应和孔隙压力的影响,建立了大位移井井筒周围应力场分布模型,提出了裂缝起裂压力和起裂方位预测模型,并分析了不同构造应力范围对大位移井压裂裂缝起裂的影响。计算结果表明,建立的模型完全适用于大位移井压裂设计的需要。     

精准扶贫的实践 ——基于布尔迪厄实践逻辑理论

我国的扶贫开发长期存在着贫困人口底数不清、情况不明,针对性不强,扶贫资金和项目指向不准等问题,这种“漫灌输血”式粗放扶贫导致贫困人口脱贫缺乏持久性。通过对布尔迪厄实践理论中资本、习性、场域三个核心概念的解读,基于资本、习性和场域之间的双向互构关系,安徽省无为县指导开展了帮助村民脱贫致富的精准扶贫实践,即精准扶贫实践=(贫困户资本×贫困户习性)+相关场域,为精准扶贫实践开启了新的研究视角。     

跨文化交际能力与《新编大学英语》的教学

外语水平不等同于外语语言能力 ,而应定义为跨文化交际能力。在此一认识的基础上 ,外语教学应突出对学习者跨文化交际能力的培养。这一观念和做法的修正 ,可以增强学生对语用失误的感性认识 ,明了目的语与母语的本质区别 ,从而实现对传统的语法式教学的超越。我们结合《新编大学英语》教材并采取这种新的教学模式其效果是双重的 :即学生语言知识和语用知识的同时提高     

中国传统文化在大学英语教学中的导入研究

语言与文化的关系密不可分,大学英语是一门既传授语言知识,也传授文化知识的课程。文化学习包含的不仅仅是学习 西方的先进文化,也包括母语文化的学习。但是,在当前的大学英语教学中,不管是教材还是实际的教学活动,所涉及的文化 内容大多以西方文化为主,中国文化在大学英语教学活动中失衡甚至是缺失,导致很多学生不知道如何用英语完整地来表达 自己所了解的传统文化知识,即产生“中国文化失语症”现象。为了传承中国传统文化,提高学生的跨文化交际能力,大学英语 教学应坚持中西方文化并重的原则,将中国文化元素融汇到教学中     

当代德国记忆理论流变

纵观记忆理论的发展,可以发现:记忆理论主要在20世纪得到了长足发展,法国社会学家哈布瓦赫是集体记忆的理论鼻祖,但记忆理论主要在德国得到了突破性的进展,阿斯曼夫妇厘清了各种记忆的概念及相互关系,提出了文化记忆理论。文化记忆理论成为学科交叉研究的对象,联接了社会学、考古学、文学、历史学、文化研究等各个方向。     

On the Correlation Structure of Gaussian Copula Models for Geostatistical Count Data

We describe a class of random field models for geostatistical count data based on Gaussian copulas. Unlike hierarchical Poisson models often used to describe this type of data, Gaussian copula models allow a more direct modelling of the marginal distributions and association structure of the count data. We study in detail the correlation structure of these random fields when the family of marginal distributions is either negative binomial or zero‐inflated Poisson; these represent two types of overdispersion often encountered in geostatistical count data. We also contrast the correlation structure of one of these Gaussian copula models with that of a hierarchical Poisson model having the same family of marginal distributions, and show that the former is more flexible than the latter in terms of range of feasible correlation, sensitivity to the mean function and modelling of isotropy. An exploratory analysis of a dataset of Japanese beetle larvae counts illustrate some of the findings. All of these investigations show that Gaussian copula models are useful alternatives to hierarchical Poisson models, specially for geostatistical count data that display substantial correlation and small overdispersion.     

议事协调机构与基层减负：基于组织场域理论的逻辑探析

作为非常规性的组织体系,议事协调机构在基层治理中发挥着有效的统筹与协调作用,是国家治理机制方面的创新。从组织场域的理论视角出发通过案例研究对议事协调机构进行分析,发现僵化的职责同构体系使得议事协调机构总量庞大,缺乏地方适应性和创新性;任务与编制压力向下传导使得基层工作应接不暇;常规性的组织体系与非常规性组织体系信息不对称导致基层疲于资料留痕;议事协调机构成员单位数量的泛化使基层的负担进一步加重。面对上述难题,有必要进一步完善议事协调机构的设置规则并强化办事章程,从而为基层减负创造良好的组织场域。     

Student perceptions of the learning process during undergraduate field practicum: a qualitative study

As social work education in China expands rapidly since 2000, field practicum is one of the most challenging areas. This qualitative study explored the field learning experiences of 27 students from a pioneer social work undergraduate program. Analysis resulted in six major themes revealing the students’ perspective on the process of learning by performing various practice events during 4-week summer block placements. Discussion focuses on the key features of this learning process. Suggestions for future research and implications for field instruction are included.     

Gendered Constructions of Leadership in Danish Job Advertisements

The purpose of this article is to consider the gender imbalance at top management level from a discourse analytical perspective. More specifically, it investigates the language of 39 Danish top executive job advertisements and considers which leadership identities are projected as desirable or necessary. This is done by carrying out two interlinked studies: a semantic field analysis of the sections in the job advertisements describing the leadership traits of the ideal candidate (Study 1) and a study of MBA students' responses to extracts from the advertisements as far as gender is concerned (Study 2). Semantic field analysis reveals that all the job advertisements are gender‐biased and that most traits described in the advertisements are associated with traditional or stereotypical masculine attributes. Study 2 confirms this finding, as respondents (MBA students) assign a masculine identity to the vast majority of the extracts from the job advertisements.