马克思和恩格斯的政治传播思想

马克思主义政治传播的理论是马克思主义新闻观的组成部分。马克思主义创始人卡尔·马克思和弗里德里希·恩格斯为科学社会主义的政治传播确定了两个前提: 传播的理论必须是科学的、真正无产阶级性质的;这种传播的成功与一定的社会物质条件变化相联系。政治传播者需要具备四方面素养: 智慧、思想、风格、知识。政治传播的主要目的在于影响还没有卷入运动的广大群众。政治传播中的传播者本身,是最重要的媒体。政治传播者要具有持久的政治传播毅力,不为一时一地的成功或失败所左右。传播目的正当,手段也必须正当。     

Role of Expertise,Consensus, and Informational Valence in Children's Performance Judgments

Two experiments examined the role of expertise, consensus, and informational valence on children's acceptance of informant testimony about the quality of work produced by a target child. In Experiment 1, 96 4‐ to 5.9‐year‐olds and 6‐ to 8‐year‐olds were told about an expert who gave a positive or negative assessment of art or music that was contradicted by one layperson or a consensus of three laypersons. Generally, participants endorsed positive assessments as correct irrespective of expertise and consensus, but older children were more likely than younger children to want to learn from the expert in the future. To examine whether reluctance to accept expertise was due to the negative quality of the information, the expert in Experiment 2 simply stated that additional work was needed. Both age groups selected the expert as correct and reported wanting to learn from the expert in the future. Contributions to social learning models are discussed.     

归因：透视现代经济行为的微观窗口

人们在经济活动中的行为是经济学研究的一个重要领域,而探讨经济行为中的归因则是经济心理学所关注的一个重要课题。文章主要阐述了人们在从事经济活动中出现的现象,运用心理学中的重要理论——归因理论分析了隐藏在其背后的本质,以期能丰富经济心理学的理论,并指导人们的实际生活。     

当代大学生生命意识淡薄现象探析

人的现实存在即拥有生命,是其他一切存在的先决条件,存在着的生命的价值是一切价值的基础。在我国高等教育进入大众教育阶段之后,大学生群体的自杀事件时有发生,并呈现出上升趋势。当代大学生生命意识淡薄的原因是多方面的,要解决这一问题,必须加强社会教育、学校教育、家庭教育和自我教育。     

论定语的生成方式

本文考察了18册小学语文改革实验教材中所有的定语句，认为定语生成的基本方式可分为两类：一是作为足句成分的直接附加式；二是非足句成分的变换式，包括述谓前移、状定转换、小句成分化三种下位类型。这一研究对于儿童书面语习得、对外汉语教学等都有一定的指导意义。     

管理决策中的归因偏差及其纠正

归因理论是关于人们如何解释自己或他人的行为以及这种解释如何影响人们的情绪、动机和行为的心理学理论。立足于在心理学的层面上，从归因偏差这一独特的视角来重新解读和审视管理决策。在管理决策中，若能对所发生的事情、出现的结果作出理性、客观的归因判断，则会提高决策的客观性和可靠性。     

泛道德化批判的归因探究

泛道德化批判是将伦理道德作为价值标准评判一切社会现象的批判方式。在批判过程中以伦理审判和道德训诫取代制度规约，遮蔽了制度的错位或缺失，对非道德领域的盲目否定性批判，易于陷入一种悲观主义或超现实的空想状态。其中，道德自身的柔韧性衍生了泛道德化批判的可能空间；语言表达的能动性强化了泛道德化批判的传播效应；“以德立人极”的德性论激活了泛道德化批判思维的文化基因；道德规则的价值悬设助推了泛道德化批判的现实发生。深入剖析泛道德化批判的成因是有效纠正非理性道德批判，科学运用道德标尺的逻辑前提。     

He Didn't Want Me to Feel Sad: Children's Reactions to Disappointment and Apology

Experimental studies of children's responses to apologies often present participants with hypothetical scenarios. This article reports on an experimental study of children's reactions to experiencing an actual disappointment and subsequent apology. Participants (ages four to seven) were told that another child was supposed to share some attractive stickers with them. In the two primary conditions, the other child kept the stickers for himself or herself. Some participants received an apology from the other child, whereas others did not. Compared with children who did not receive the apology, the apology recipients: (1) reported feeling better; (2) viewed the other child as more remorseful; and (3) rated the other child as nicer. Support was found for a mediation model of apology: the positive effects of the apology on children's emotions were accounted for by the effective signaling of remorse by the wrongdoer.     

Children's Interpretation of Ambiguous Behavior: Evidence for a 'Boys are Bad' Bias

Possible gender-related evaluative biases were investigated among a group of 64 second and third graders (ages 6 y 11 m to 9 y 7 m). Participants were shown photographs of 8 unfamiliar children, and were told that each had performed a particular behavior. Each of the behaviors was consistent with multiple interpretations, including a positive interpretation and a negative interpretation. When the unfamiliar peers were male, participants were more likely to remember behaviors in unfavorable ways and to select more negative attributions for the behavior. This pattern of results held even among male participants, who reported greater expectations of liking the male peers.     

地震沉积学方法在确定沉积相边界方面的应用

通过应用测井曲线和地震资料识别的不整合界面、最大水退界面和最大水进界面，将古近系双阳组划分为2个三级层序、5个体系域。SQⅠ包括双阳组一段和二段，分为低位体系域、湖进体系域和高位体系域。SQⅡ包括了双阳组三段地层，分为低位体系域和湖进体系域。在层序格架内，利用地震沉积学理论和方法，利用等时细分地层地震属性分析技术，在高位体系域中识别出强制性水退期沉积、各时期沉积体系的发育过程和沉积体系边界，在此基础上预测出双阳组比较有利的4套储盖组合。