百年大学的“楼名文化”——厦门大学、集美大学“嘉庚建筑”楼名考

厦门大学、集美大学的部分校舍被称为“嘉庚建筑”。嘉庚建筑不但外形美观,内在和谐,且每栋建筑被冠以独特的名字。其命名有的源于经典著作,有的出自典故,有的则与历史人物有关,且都非常典雅,具有丰富的文化蕴含。其命名有四个特点：（1）源出广泛,用典精准,寓意深刻;（2）与建筑本身的使用功能形成十分巧妙的结合;（3）以文化人,润物无声,让大楼亦成为育人的“大师”;（4）善用人名激励后人,善用地名以慰乡情。其命名借文化之力,彰显了陈嘉庚先生“在文化环境中育人”的教育理念。嘉庚建筑是一份宝贵的精神财富和文化遗存。     

Evaluating community-based treatment programmes for men who sexually abuse children

The currently dominant multi-factorial explanations of sex offending have been reflected in the widespread adoption of cognitive-behavioural groupwork methods where treatment foci are those attitudes, beliefs, cognitions and behaviours believed to contribute towards the maintenance of sexually abusive practices. Community-based programmes have mushroomed during this decade, with 97% of regional probation services now having provision for sex offender treatment. However, these relatively recent and dramatic developments of practice have to a large extent occurred outside of a framework of rigorous planning and evaluation. This article begins by outlining a rationale for both the treatment of sex offenders and evaluating programmes. This is followed by a framework for evaluation within which treatment providers can consider the issues involved (including the methodological difficulties) in setting up research designed to evaluate treatment effectiveness. It is suggested that, while small-scale (in-house) research may tell us something about the success or otherwise of individual programmes, it is the larger-scale projects carried out by independent researchers that will inform us as to the impact of cognitive-behavioural group work on recidivism and offence-related psychological variables. Such research has the potential to assist policy-makers and to aid managers and practitioners in the development of effective treatment programmes. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

福建省城市社区管理体制改革研究

深化城市社区建设的关键在于推进社区管理体制的改革创新。主要指理顺区、街、居关系 ,打破条块分割 ,突出街道社区的作用 ;建立新型的社区财力机制 ,强化社区居委会的自治权 ,改变目前“社区行政化”的倾向 ,真正实现社区自治的目标     

Transparency laws and interactive public relations: An analysis of Latin American government Web sites

A content analysis of 50 Latin American government Web sites was conducted to assess whether new transparency laws in the hemisphere impacted the interactivity, usability, technological expertise, and national symbolism manifest on the sites. Web sites were found to be generally usable but limited in interactivity. There was no difference in Web site interactivity between countries with transparency laws and those without them, but countries with laws used more visual symbols aimed at national branding. The article offers a model of Web site features for public relations practitioners interested in increasing the sophistication, usability, and interactivity of their sites in order to improve relationship building with stakeholders.     

Contesting Community Online: Virtual Imagery among Dutch Orthodox Protestant Homosexuals

Whereas substantial scholarly attention has been paid to the online presentation of self, symbolic interactionist approaches are largely absent in the literature on virtual communities. Instead, recurrent questions are whether communities can exist online and whether specific online venues qualify as communities. This article aims to move beyond these dichotomous questions by studying how different meanings attached to an online venue can be understood from offline experiences. In a case study of a Dutch forum for orthodox Protestant homosexuals, two types of understanding of online community emerged from an analysis of fifteen in‐depth interviews. Users struggling with stigmatization in offline life seek empathic support and have an encompassing sense of online community—the forum as “refuge.” For users dealing with practical everyday questions, online contacts are part of so‐called personal communities and help ameliorate offline life—the forum as “springboard.” Apart from demonstrating that online forums can serve as Goffmanian backstages in two distinct ways, these results indicate it is fruitful to take a symbolic interactionist approach to uncover relationships between offline and online social life.     

“双轨水利”:农村水利运行机制的文化人类学研究——以广西S村为例

从费孝通对乡土中国的双轨政治概念出发,通过对农村水利发展历史的梳理,探寻出农村水利机制运行规律的两条道路——双轨水利,并指出推行水利社区化是对以往民间水治道路的恢复与重构,同时也是作为消弥当下农村水利困境的有效途径。     

中华民族共同体意识的核心要义与铸牢路径

中华民族共同体意识作为一种社会意识,是对中华民族共同体这一社会存在的反映,是对中华民族共同体形成发展过程中所处的经济生产活动、社会关系以及社会结构的反映。“中华民族共同体意识”是涉及经济交往、政治认同、文化交融的心理活动过程。其核心要义包括以下五个方面：为实现中华民族伟大复兴的共同理想和共产主义远大理想而奋斗的自强意识与使命意识;以中华民族优秀传统文化、革命文化与社会主义先进文化为共有精神家园的自豪意识与守护意识;坚持党的领导、走中国特色社会主义的道路自信、理论自信与制度自信的政治意识;坚持国家利益高于一切、维护国家主权、安全与发展利益的自尊意识与责任意识;对伟大祖国、中华民族、中华文化、中国共产党、中国特色社会主义高度认同的共同体意识。     

湖南村落经济发展问题及政府职责

村是我国农村社会的基本单位,村落经济在中国传统农村社会一直扮演着重要的角色,但村落经济在建国后尤其是改革开放后才得到真正发展。目前,湖南村落经济发展呈现的特点是:村落经济以集体经济为主,多种经济成分并存,村集体经济实力薄弱;村落经营方式以家庭经营为主;农户以种植业为主;村落非农产业迅速发展;村落经济发展越来越超出村落范围。发展湖南村落经济需要政府有所为,做好规划、引导、支持、保护等工作,各级政府应各司其职。     

Collective empowerment: A comparative study of community work in Mumbai and Stockholm

Mumbai and Stockholm are worlds apart in terms of public services, infrastructures and standard of living. However, both cities have known common problems of social exclusion and marginalisation related to neo‐liberal globalisation. Social workers are facing similar challenges regarding collective empowerment as a strategy for community work. This comparative study explored how collective empowerment is undertaken by community workers. The research participants were 13 informants from community‐work organisations in the two settings. Semi‐structured interviews were used and were analysed with the help of Atlas‐ti 6.2 (ATLAS.ti Scientific Software Development GmbH D‐10623 Berlin Germany). Social work in Mumbai is in a context of extreme poverty and mainly within the informal sector, whereas in Stockholm most social work is done in relation to a public welfare model. In Stockholm, interventions are aimed towards strengthening social networks, without direct aim at social change. In Mumbai, community workers organise people for collective empowerment to strengthen marginalised groups and achieve social change.     

Child Rights Practice among the Indigenous Communities in Bangladesh

The objective of this article was to explore the practice of child rights among the indigenous communities of Bangladesh. We used a mixed method approach to collect data from four ethnic communities in the Bandarban District of the Chittagong Division in Bangladesh. We questioned children, parents, community members, local leaders, and service providers of those communities on a number of child rights issues, for example, child education, child labor, child recreation and culture, parents' guidance to children for capacity development, and access to child rights at home and in the community according to Convention on the Rights of the Child treaty. The results showed that while the community was aware of child rights, financial vulnerability and a lack of social support meant that these rights could not be upheld in practice. The paper urges improvement of social support, including income generation activities for indigenous communities.