左思风力之成因初探

西晋诗人左思的诗风在西晋文坛上独树一帜,称之为“左思风力”,前人对此有较多地论述,然而就诗风形成的原因却缺乏深入地探究。本文试图从社会时代背景、家庭因素、性格特征三个方面对此加以分析,旨在能够更好地把握左思其人及其诗风。     

The role of aspirations and aspirations adaptation in explaining satisficing and bounded rationality

The explanation of bounded rationality in terms of satisficing has been received with skepticism, but Simon's claim that satisficing reflects aspirations and their adaptation could help resolve the matter, particularly taking account of the amplifications introduced by Selten to include motivational factors. Experimental investigations by Guth and his colleagues provide some support. Open-ended, in-depth interviews by Bewley and Schwartz help explain the factors that influence aspirations (which may differ for different tasks), giving attention to affective influences and also to context. They suggest a positive but more complicated relationship between the relative success in realizing profits aspirations and the adaptation of those aspirations, and also in the consequences that aspiration levels have for bounded rationality.     

Ecology of urban lawns under three common management programs

Turfgrass lawns are a central part of urban and suburban landscapes throughout North America and are often managed using repeated applications of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. These inputs are expensive and may negatively affect ecological processes in lawns. Therefore, we evaluated the influence of three most common lawn care programs on ecological characteristics of turfgrass lawns. Twenty-eight home lawns, separated into 3 groups based on the lawn care program (professional, do-it-yourself [DIY], and no-input), were studied. Data on lawn quality, weed and insect infestation, disease incidence, soil nematode community, soil nitrogen pools, microbial biomass (MBN), and soil organic matter (SOM) were collected. Results indicated that professional lawn care resulted in the highest aesthetic lawn quality mainly due to better weed control, compared to DIY and no-input programs. However, professional and DIY programs negatively affected MBN and SOM pools and enhanced disease (rust) severity. No significant differences in soil nematode population and nematode community indices across the three programs were found, indicating no differences in net ecosystem productivity among the three programs. Overall, soil nematode food web in turfgrass lawns represented a disturbed food web compared to natural grasslands and forest ecosystems, irrespective of the lawn care program used.     

Identity development and cultural production in the Chinese diaspora to the United States, 1850–2004: new perspectives

Diaspora studies have grown in importance in the modern world as world travel and relocation have become more feasible; as the numbers of persecuted peoples and those seeking exile or new beginnings in new lands has increased; as globalization has created new classes of diaspora movement based on economic motivations; and as technology and modern communication has linked people worldwide and made virtual diasporas and identities readily possible. In the present time, the concept of the diaspora has become the most relevant and usefully adaptable way to view global cultural interaction and human situational practices. This paper examines change and development in Chinese diaspora populations in the US, which have encountered the entire range of diaspora experience, old and new, from 1850 to the present day. The aim is threefold: (1) comparatively to sketch new ideas in diaspora studies, add to them where possible, and employ them in an analysis of individual and community identity construction in the Chinese diaspora, while comparing and contrasting these experiences with those of the Jewish and black diasporas; (2) to present a four-stage model of diasporic literary production and attendant personal and community identity construction, through which varied examples of Chinese American writing will be examined; and (3) within this model, to give extended attention to Chinese American writer Maxine Hong Kingston's China Men (1980), a pivotal text defining and describing Chinese American diaspora identity and experience in the US. The paper concludes with a look forward, and thoughts about possible new conditions modifying ‘new diasporas’.     

Cognitive Risk Factors to the Development of Anxiety and Depressive Disorders in Adolescents

This exploratory study examines cognitive risk factors, anxiety sensitivity, and positive and negative affect, as related to the development of anxiety and depression. In a mailed survey, adolescents completed the Child Anxiety Sensitivity Index and the Positive and Negative Affectivity Scale. Previous research utilized the broad and unified variable of anxiety sensitivity as a predictor of anxiety. In this study, we separate and examine the four specific factors of anxiety sensitivity: mental incapacitation concerns, social concerns, disease concerns, and unsteady concerns, and relate it to specific anxiety disorders and depression. Results indicate good convergent validity and improved divergent validity when utilizing the four factors of anxiety sensitivity as compared to using it as one construct. Results also suggest: (1) OCD and GAD share numerous similarities and (2) the importance of the role of negative affectivity in anxiety and depression. Being aware of the components of anxiety sensitivity and how they relate to specific anxiety disorders can help a social worker when rendering a diagnosis. Part of the data presented in this article was from David A. Dia’s doctoral dissertation.     

西部社区教育中环境教育的开展

环境教育是实现人类社会可持续发展的教育。西部地区的环境教育不仅是促进西部大开发的需要,也是改善西部生态环境的必由之路。本文着重介绍了环境教育在西部社区教育中的渗透。     

农村社区背景下的城乡规划

由于我国长期实行城乡二元分割的管理体制,城乡居民在收入和消费水平,公共资源配置和民主权益保障等方面差距甚大,中央和地方政府极为重视统筹城乡发展,缩小城乡差距,提出通过农村社区建设实现城乡统筹和社会融合。而《城乡规划法》的颁布与实施因为城乡统筹规划的基础性作用起到了积极地推动作用,转移农村剩余劳动力,利于调整农业产业结构;改善农村人居环境,均衡公共资源配置;节约耕地资源,实现可持续发展;提高农民参与意识,增强农村社区内聚力。     

基于ECM的团购网站继续使用行为实证研究

当今网络团购已成为电子商务的新兴力量,大量团购网站涌现。以团购网站为研究对象,基于期望证实模型(ECM)构建了影响团购网站继续使用行为的因素研究模型(该模型包含感知有用、感知经济性、感知愉悦、信任、满意、证实、继续使用意愿等7个因素),并对用户使用团购网站后影响其继续使用行为的因素进行了实证分析和验证。结果显示:用户的预期感受与实际使用后的证实程度对感知经济性、感知有用、满意有显著影响;感知经济性、感知有用、满意等3个因素对用户的继续使用意愿有显著影响,而信任因素对使用意愿的影响不显著。     

中国城市社区管理体制创新的路径研究

构建适应城市经济、政治、文化发展需要的社区管理体制新模式,是一项亟待研究的重要课题。在简要回溯城市社区管理体制历史变革的基础上,总结了现存城市社区管理体制模式的问题,并结合历史和现状客观分析阻碍城市社区管理体制创新的症结点,认为创新社区管理体制改革,要继续调整社区管理的工作模式,充分利用社区现有的建设资源,加快培育社区社会资本的存量。