模写自然与润饰自然——钱锺书与英国古典主义诗学

钱锺书一向重视中西文学和文论的互相阐发,所论常有援引英国文学和文论。《谈艺录》中他根据中西文学史和批评史上的实际,把创作分为两大宗:一为模写自然;二为润饰自然。这两大宗派貌似迥然,实则内在相通。模写自然与润饰自然也是一个关乎文学起源的问题,涉及写实与想象、真实与虚构的关系。厘清模写自然与润饰自然的关系,对于我们辨析文学中的真实与虚构价值也很有意义。     

Cross-Regional Divorce Risks in Belgium: Culture or Legislative System?

Cross-national research is by definition carried out between different countries. Looking at country differences often results in common and diverse sets of divorce risks. This article uses a cross-national research perspective on divorce risks within a single country. Belgium is a special case in this respect. The division of the country in two regions with a different language and a quite different historical background often frightens researchers to include the country in large-scale international comparisons. We argue that Belgium is an interesting test case in international perspective since it combines—in a quasi-experimental setting—two important explanatory conditions for divorce risks on the macro level. First, Belgium is a unitary country with a single social security system, similar labor market characteristics, and a single family policy. Second, whereas the institutions between the northern and the southern part are similar, Belgium is culturally divided in a rather Catholic northern part (Flanders) and a secular southern part (Wallonia). This division is often referred to as a northern (Scandinavian) and a southern (Spain, Italy) cultural pattern. This means that when studying divorce patterns, we have the opportunity to examine the net effect of cultural determinants because of the similar feature of the institutional setting of both the Walloon and the Flemish part of the country.     

CRITICAL EXPLORATIONS OF GENDER AND THE CARIBBEAN: TAKING IT INTO THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY

ABSTRACT

In the years after the Greek Junta, activists who had been involved in anti-dictatorship movements abroad returned as the country’s new pool of left-leaning, well-educated political actors. Drawing on interviews with former activists and borrowing from recent developments in cultural sociology, I analyse these returns as political projects fraught with moral conundrums. I argue that the contemporary crisis structure accounts of returns by placing speakers within what Boltanski and Thévenot call a ‘situation subject to the imperative of justification’. I make two arguments regarding the critiques and valuations used in accounts: First, the idealized political subject put forward by former activists promotes withdrawal over participation and silence over speech. Second, failure is valorized as a principled mode of self-exoneration. This article further demonstrates the importance of theorizing return migration within an ethnographic treatment of the present.     

Personal construct psychology methods for qualitative research

In this paper we discuss the unique influences of ethics assessment procedures on comparative qualitative research. These influences are particularly pronounced when researchers are from different disciplines and in different countries. Focusing on our experience conducting a study on the perceptions of young people regarding HIV/AIDS in two countries (Italy and Canada), we describe the impact of the ethics assessment procedures in our respective countries on recruitment, sampling and comparability of findings. We also raise issues related to differences in ethics assessment processes from a disciplinary perspective. We conclude by suggesting that our theory of technique approach, which focuses on studying how the choices made in research implementation influence the study findings, should be extended to include the impact of ethics assessment procedures.     

单纯强阿片类治疗肺癌与姑息性化疗联合强阿片类治疗肺癌的生活质量对比研究

目的 比较单纯强阿片类治疗肺癌与姑息性化疗联合强阿片类治疗肺癌的生活质量对比.方法 共60例中晚期肺癌患者,强阿片类药物选择吗啡、芬太尼;姑息性化疗药物选择替吉奥.前15天单纯使用强阿片类药物治疗,观察肺癌患者生活质量评分;后15天加用姑息性化疗药物联合强阿片类药物治疗,观察肺癌患者生活质量评分.生活质量评分包括患者的食欲、精神、睡眠、疲乏、疼痛、家庭理解与配合、同事的理解与配合、自身对癌症的认识、对治疗的态度、日常生活、治疗的副作用、面部表情.生活质量满分为60分,生活质量极差的为＜20分,差的为21～30分,一般为31 ～40分,较好的为41～50分,良好的为51～60分.结果 60例中晚期肺癌患者使用姑息性化疗联合强阿片类药物治疗后,患者的生活质量评分有上升,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 姑息性化疗联合强阿片类药物治疗肺癌,患者的生活质量有明显提高.     

刑事被害人救助制度比较

在比较研究域外二十多个国家救助制度的基础上,充分考虑我国的实际情况,从犯罪行为、犯罪的主观方面、行为人的起诉判罪与否、被害人与加害人的关系、加害人的表现等诸多影响救助制度实施的因素入手,分析并论证我国刑事被害救助制度的对象与范围等。     

走下经学圣坛的诗：明代诗经学刍议

《诗经》是我国第一部诗歌总集,诗性是其最本质的属性。然而,自汉代将其尊经之始,在经学视域下,《诗经》逐渐远离诗性特质,而被赋予厚重的经学内涵,推向经学的圣坛,承载着传播经学思想的重任。诗经学发展至明代,伴随着明中叶新思潮和诗学理论的产生,一股《诗经》文学阐释潮流兴起,使《诗经》研究实现了由“经”向诗的本质回归,确立了明代诗经学重要的学术地位。     

林语堂与比较文学 ——基于林语堂的影响研究和平行研究

自小接受西学教育及影响的林语堂,在各种言论、著述中进行大量的比较文学研究。他综合运用影响研究、平行研究等方法展开文学研究工作,在时间上进行历时性、共时性的全面深入论 述,在空间上进行横向的平行比较和纵向的历史影响研究。认为其对中国比较文学的兴起和发展所起的传承作用不容忽视,这与他深厚的语言学造诣、国学积累和对欧美科学研究方法的掌握关系密切。     

大学英语四六级阅读语言难度对比——基于语料库的研究

在大学英语四六级考试各项技能的考核中,阅读理解部分占有很大比重。通过语料库语言学方法,从不同层面对阅读理解语篇的语言难度进行对比研究,检验四六级阅读语言难度的具体差异,为大学英语四级和六级考试阅读语言难度差异的研究提供一个全新的角度,对今后四六级测试的检测及英语教学工作提出建议。     

美日加医学人才培养模式比较研究

文章以美、日、加三国医学人才培养模式为研究对象,着重从生源要求、学制与学位、课程与教学三个维度分析三国医学人才培养的现状与特点,透过现象探析三国医学人才培养模式形成的历史与文化根源,探析三国医学教育发展过程中共性与个性、传统与变革辩证统一的应然与必然.通过以上研究以期为理解和研究我国医学教育探索一个新的视角.