从执行主体角度探寻政策执行失真的原因

政策在执行过程中存在着"有令不行、有禁不止","上有政策,下有对策"等严重妨碍政策目标有效实现的不良情形.公共选择理论认为,把作为微观经济分析出发点的个人作为集体行为的出发点,将个人的选择或决策当作公共选择或集体决策的基础.从个体的角度看,政策执行主体的素质缺陷、信息垄断和利益追求导致了政策执行失真.     

贯彻"新八字方针",提升大学综合竞争力——广州大学实现综合性地方院校跨越式发展的路径选择

“巩固、深化、提高、发展”是教育部提出的高等教育改革和发展的“新八字方针”,广州大学在办学实践中认真探索、大胆实践地方综合性大学快速、协调发展的路子:通过巩固成果、弘扬传统、彰显优势、型构学科专业结构、完善教育教学体系,深化改革、理顺关系、组建团队、形成良好的激励机制、提升教育教学水平,提高质量、重视实践、规范制度、提高教师整体实力、营造良好的学风环境,持续发展、科学定位、对外开放、拓展学校发展空间、规划教学研究型大学发展蓝图等举措,大踏步地向高层次突破,向高水平发展。     

论高校国防教育的学科定位

随着教育自身的发展和国际局势的变化,高校国防教育呈现出新的时代特色和学科特点,表现为:全球性的视角、多功能的互补和多学科的渗透。高校国防教育处在众多学科的交叉点上,从共性中突出个性,从普遍性中寻找特殊性,是确立学科定位的基本原则。依照主体性原则,高校国防教育应以高校为主体;其次,国防是国防教育的出发点和落脚点,是目的和归宿,因此高校国防教育应以国防为本位;再次,任何领域的教育现象最终都要落实到育人上来,因此,育人是高校国防教育的基础。     

影响企业扩张度的因素及其熵描述

通过对影响企业扩张度因素的分析以及熵思想下企业扩张度的重新界定,指出企业扩张必须遵循的原则就是,扩张必须基于自身核心竞争能力等内部基本元素的强弱与外部环境来确定其扩张的规模、速度以及经济范围,以便达到内部熵能最小和持续发展的目的。     

教育过程主客体关系研究——基于不同视角的回顾与探析

从教育学、历史学、哲学、社会学和心理学等视角,简要地对教育过程主客体关系进行了反思,认为哲学中的主客体概念在研究教育过程诸要素关系中的简单移植,研究方法、研究视角和构成要素在认识上的不统一,是引发争论的主要原因。     

权力观念的历史变迁

人类文明由传统社会发展到现代社会的过程中,人们对政治权力的认知与态度实现了以下四种转化;（1）从统治型权力观到服务型权力观;（2）从单向性权力观到双向性权力观;（3）从全能权力观到有限权力观;（4）从强制性权力观到说服性权力观。     

‘Lost in transition?’ – Newly educated social workers’ reflections on their first months in practice

Entering the work of world can involve significant challenges for the beginning practitioner. The transition process from university to work can play an important role in the emerging practitioner’s development as a social worker. The present longitudinal study follows 12 Swedish social work graduates from university and over their first four years in practice. The study provides an insight into how newly educated practitioners may experience the transition from university to the world of work and considers how they can be prepared and supported to meet the challenges of practice within contemporary work contexts. The students were first interviewed just prior to leaving university [see Tham &; Lynch (2014). Prepared for practice? Graduating social work students’ reflections on their education, competence and skills. Social Work Education, 33(6), 704–717]. This paper captures the reflections of these students after four months in practice. Feelings of unpreparedness, unorganised, or even ‘chaotic’ perceptions of the workplace and uncertainty about the future were emergent themes, particularly among new practitioners employed in social services. The findings illustrate the vulnerability of these new practitioners and the importance of workplace induction and the provision of adequate support in their new professional roles.     

When difference creates dissonance: understanding the ‘engine’ of intercultural learning in study abroad

Why do some study abroad students improve their intercultural skills, while others revert to less sophisticated ways of making sense of cultural difference? Both intercultural competence theory and transformative learning theory attempt to explain why student intercultural learning occurs, but they only provide partial answers. Building on our previous study assessing intercultural competence in a 2015 field school in India, this article applies the concept of cognitive dissonance to explain the process behind intercultural learning. In the context of study abroad, students experience cognitive dissonance when they encounter cultural differences or similarities that confound previously held expectations about culture. Adapting Maertz, Hassan, and Magnusson’s cognitive dissonance resolution framework, we employ qualitative analysis of students’ written reflections to show how the resolution of cognitive dissonance could act as the ‘engine’ of intercultural learning.     

Making Sense of Neoliberal Subjectivity: A Discourse Analysis of Media Language on Self-development

The influence of neoliberalism on culture and subjectivity is well documented. This paper contributes to understanding of how neoliberal ideology enters into the production of subjectivity. While subject formation takes place in multiple and contradictory ways and across multiple social sites, we focus on the increasingly popular media discourse of self-development, and examine it as a technology of neoliberal subjectification. Drawing on Foucauldian understandings, we analyze data from two different newspapers from two different national contexts, both of which are heavily influenced by neoliberalism. Based on our analysis, we detail four interrelated discourses—rationality, autonomy and responsibility, entrepreneurship, and positivity and self-confidence—demonstrating how these discourses constitute the neoliberal subject in ways consonant with neoliberal governmentality. There is no observable resistance to subject positions offered within these discourses. Self-development discourse instills stronger individualism in society, while constraining collective identity, and thus provides social control and contributes to preserving status quo of neoliberal societies.     

Cultural Responsiveness: a framework for re-thinking students’ interculturality through study abroad

While intercultural competence is commonly a goal of university study abroad programmes, debates around criteria for assessing this competence have highlighted the challenges in appropriately identifying students’ intercultural learning in relation to specific university programmes. To overcome these issues, this research moves beyond conceptualising the intercultural in terms of ‘competence’ and instead proposes a framework termed Cultural Responsiveness to illustrate students’ intercultural learning. Through questionnaires and interviews, the experiences and perceptions of undergraduate students after a year of exchange in France or Switzerland were collected and analysed. Using the Cultural Responsiveness framework, three parameters of students’ intercultural experiences emerged: Awareness, Engagement and Bringing Knowledge Home.