民事责任原则重构——辛卜偿性责任价值质疑

个体目标与群体目标的矛盾是管理过程中的一项基本矛盾.个体与群体之间的相互依存和相互作用表明了在尊重个体需要的同时,可以实现个群目标的一致性,而这只有通过提倡以人为本的管理思想,实行和谐管理才能实现.     

不同建筑物宽高比的街道峡谷内部气流场数值模拟

基于标准的k—ε双方程湍流模型，数值模拟了2种峡谷宽高比和4种建筑物宽高比下的开阔地域街道峡谷内部气流场．模拟结果表明，峡谷上部生成一顺时针大旋涡，并在此大旋涡的驱动下，峡谷内部形成一个逆时针旋涡；建筑物宽高比(W／H)对峡谷内部气流场具有显著影响，在W／H较小的情况下(如W／H=1／5)，峡谷上部顺时针旋涡向峡谷内扩展而挤压峡谷内的逆时针旋涡，在峡谷宽高比(B／H)一定的前提下，上部顺时针旋涡向峡谷内部扩展的程度随w／H的减小而增大，而在w／H一定的条件下，上部顺时针旋涡向峡谷内部扩展的程度随B／H的加大而增强．从上述峡谷内部流场的特征中可推断出，在建筑物高度一定的条件下，缩小建筑物宽度和加大峡谷宽度会增强峡谷内外空气的交换，从而有利于峡谷内空气品质的改善．     

Behavioral Modeling of Adversaries with Multiple Objectives in Counterterrorism

Attacker/defender models have primarily assumed that each decisionmaker optimizes the cost of the damage inflicted and its economic repercussions from their own perspective. Two streams of recent research have sought to extend such models. One stream suggests that it is more realistic to consider attackers with multiple objectives, but this research has not included the adaption of the terrorist with multiple objectives to defender actions. The other stream builds off experimental studies that show that decisionmakers deviate from optimal rational behavior. In this article, we extend attacker/defender models to incorporate multiple objectives that a terrorist might consider in planning an attack. This includes the tradeoffs that a terrorist might consider and their adaption to defender actions. However, we must also consider experimental evidence of deviations from the rationality assumed in the commonly used expected utility model in determining such adaption. Thus, we model the attacker's behavior using multiattribute prospect theory to account for the attacker's multiple objectives and deviations from rationality. We evaluate our approach by considering an attacker with multiple objectives who wishes to smuggle radioactive material into the United States and a defender who has the option to implement a screening process to hinder the attacker. We discuss the problems with implementing such an approach, but argue that research in this area must continue to avoid misrepresenting terrorist behavior in determining optimal defensive actions.     

关于“社会语言学”名称的探讨

从社会语言学(Sociolinguistics)建立以来的研究成果看，该学科的主要贡献社会学意义大于语言学意义，因此，其学科名称如果用语言社会学(SociologyofLanguage)，则比社会语言学(Soliocinguistics)能更好地说明该学科的实质和研究方向。     

论目标管理在大学生管理工作中的应用

文章通过对当代大学生管理工作主要特征的分析，尝试探讨将目标管理应用于大学生管理工作，以期为调动大学生学习积极性、促进大学生综合素质的全面提高提供有益的参考。     

听课随笔

作者根据听课的实际情况,随笔写出对课堂教学的部分看法。课堂教学是学校教育的基本形式,必须高度重视与研究。从根本上讲,教材不是课堂教学的依据,教学时数与内容是由专业培养目标规定的。培养学生的创新能力是课堂教学的神圣任务,其中,启发学生的思维是最重要的。理论联系实际是教学的一个基本原则,可用多种方式,但如何联系需要选择,不要误导,更不可哗众取宠。课堂教学要改革,引进先进技术如多媒体教学是一种必然,应给予足够的关注和扶持,但它只是提高教学质量的工具,不可本末倒置。     

大学英语演讲与辩论课程模式设置研究

从英语演讲与辩论课程的必要性和可行性入手,着重分析了其开设范围、教学目标、教学内容、教学模式以及考核手段,旨在消除学生固有的只有名人和在比赛时才要演讲的陈旧观念,使之成为真正意义上的＂public speaking＂。     

教会学生“四会” 提高学生素质

文章将素质教育的目标概括为“四会”,论述了如何通过教学来教会学生“四会”,提高学生素质     

伊斯兰的宗旨--兼及与儒家文明的对话

儒家经典《大学》给人们设计了循序渐进地实现理想人生和完美社会的宏伟蓝图,勾勒出了“修身、齐家、治国、平天下”这条具有浓厚实践色彩的生命追求轨迹和精神升华阶梯。无独有偶,世界上还有另一条为人生铺设的进升道路,多少世纪来与儒家的道路平行递进。那就是伊斯兰为造就“善良的人类”而设计的“良好的个人、良好的家庭、良好的社会、善良的民族、良好的国家、善良的人类”这样环环紧扣、由小到大地实现人格完美和人类和谐的轨道。伊斯兰铺设的这条道路其起点和终点与儒家有殊途同归之妙。这就为伊儒两大文明的和平对话找到了适当的切入点,也为进一步合作提供了坚实的基础。     

Food Safety Objectives Should Integrate the Variability of the Concentration of Pathogen

The World Trade Organization introduced the concept of appropriate level of protection (ALOP) as a public health target. For this public health objective to be interpretable by the actors in the food chain, the concept of food safety objective (FSO) was proposed by the International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods and adopted later by the Codex Alimentarius Food Hygiene Committee. The way to translate an ALOP into a FSO is still in debate. The purpose of this article is to develop a methodological tool to derive a FSO from an ALOP being expressed as a maximal annual marginal risk. We explore the different models relating the annual marginal risk to the parameters of the FSO depending on whether the variability in the survival probability and in the concentration of the pathogen are considered or not. If they are not, determination of the FSO is straightforward. If they are, we propose to use stochastic Monte Carlo simulation models and logistic discriminant analysis in order to determine which sets of parameters are compatible with the ALOP. The logistic discriminant function was chosen such that the kappa coefficient is maximized. We illustrate this method by the example of the risks of listeriosis and salmonellosis in one type of soft cheese. We conclude that the definition of the FSO should integrate three dimensions: the prevalence of contamination, the average concentration per contaminated typical serving, and the dispersion of the concentration among those servings.