我国区域刑事法律冲突初探

我国各民族之间的差异、民族区域自治制度及其自治权的存在是我国区域刑事法律冲突产生的基本原因,而通过制定顾全大局、兼顾特别的变通性、补充性刑法规范,可缓解这一冲突;通过加快少数民族地区的发展步伐,逐步消除民族之间的政治、经济、文化上的差距,进而达到彻底消除这一冲突,实现法制统一的良好局面。     

Sampling Strategies for Toxic Air Contaminants

Annual concentrations of toxic air contaminants are of primary concern from the perspective of chronic human exposure assessment and risk analysis. Despite recent advances in air quality monitoring technology, resource and technical constraints often impose limitations on the availability of a sufficient number of ambient concentration measurements for performing environmental risk analysis. Therefore, sample size limitations, representativeness of data, and uncertainties in the estimated annual mean concentration must be examined before performing quantitative risk analysis. In this paper, we discuss several factors that need to be considered in designing field-sampling programs for toxic air contaminants and in verifying compliance with environmental regulations. Specifically, we examine the behavior of SO2, TSP, and CO data as surrogates for toxic air contaminants and as examples of point source, area source, and line source-dominated pollutants, respectively, from the standpoint of sampling design. We demonstrate the use of bootstrap resampling method and normal theory in estimating the annual mean concentration and its 95% confidence bounds from limited sampling data, and illustrate the application of operating characteristic (OC) curves to determine optimum sample size and other sampling strategies. We also outline a statistical procedure, based on a one-sided t-test, that utilizes the sampled concentration data for evaluating whether a sampling site is compliance with relevant ambient guideline concentrations for toxic air contaminants.     

The transition to parenthood in Puerto Rico: Occupational status and the timing of first births

This study examines the relationship between occupational status and fertility timing during a period of rapid development in Puerto Rico. Our fundamental hypothesis is that women with higher status occupations face greater opportunity costs than those with less valued jobs and therefore will be more likely to postpone parenthood until later ages than women without such high costs. We test this hypothesis using event history techniques with data from the 1982 Puerto Rico Fertility and Family Planning Assessment, an island-wide survey of women between the ages of 15 and 49. The analysis examines the effects of occupational status on the timing of first births, and finds strong support for the basic hypothesis, especially regarding the post-ponement of teen births. After the teen years, the effects are less pronounced. Overall, it appears that employment opportunities have played an important role in childbearing decisions in Puerto Rico.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the annual meeting of the Population Association of America, Denver, Colorado, 30 April–2 May 1992.     

宗族与风俗:明代中后期社会变迁的缩影——以浙江余姚江南徐氏为例

明嘉靖万历时浙江绍兴府余姚地区的社会风俗变化很大,并深刻影响到生活方式以及人们的观念。嘉靖时徐天泽将风俗的变化归结为人们的"物欲",在讲求"义"的伦理政治下,"物欲"表现出的"利"对于社会的冲击无疑是巨大的。人们不再安分守己,以满足欲望为追求。余姚江南徐氏在明代由于科举人才辈出,引人注目。地方志从批判的角度记载风俗奢靡,编纂者号召人们移风易俗,反映了地方官的意志以及地方绅士的主张。最值得注意的是,士大夫通过宗族建设来移风易俗,维护社会秩序,造成宗族乡约化,进而组织化。     

高新技术园区自主创新能力与可持续发展问题研究

建设创新型园区是当前和今后一个时期落实建设创新型国家战略目标的一个重要内容。推进创新型园区建设应以园区社会可持续发展为前提，力求在“全面、协调、可持续”发展的基础上，加快提高自主创新能力。     

基于人文关怀的高校贫困学生资助策略思考

在我国高等教育迅速发展的过程中,高校家庭经济困难的学生数量也在大幅增加,贫困生现象日益凸显。本文通过分析高校贫困生的状况及需求,并试图从人文关怀的层面探讨当前如何更好地推进高校贫困生工作。     

近代河南集市研究再思考

近代集市的发展不仅表现为数量方面的增加,也有集市数量不变而集市承载量增加的情况;考察集市分布密度以耕地面积为基础更有可比性,而且开市率的高低主要是人们传统习惯、人口规模、集市密度、商品化程度、经济发展状况等因素综合作用的结果,其中传统习惯对开市率的影响较大。     

澳门公务人员工作表现评核制度解析——基于政府绩效的视角

公务员绩效评估是政府绩效评估的基础环节.文章从政府绩效的工具性、沟通性和管理性出发,对澳门公务人员工作表现评核制度的制度精神和制度设计进行了分析,指出澳门公务人员工作表现评核制度充分意识到了政府绩效的工具性和沟通性,与此同时,制度仍然没有实现从绩效测量到绩效管理的转型,需要在实践中进一步完善.     

清纯下女、"藐姑仙子"或"畸形的恶兽"——中国现代留日作家小说中日本女性的三个类型

1912至1936年间，尤其是1920年代，中国现代留日作家小说中塑造了大量个性复杂多样的日本女性形象。在中国文学史上这是第一次大规模地塑造以日本现实为基础的日本人形象．并占据了日本题材小说创作的主流地位，具有重要的开拓意义。