The exponentiated exponential–geometric distribution: a distribution with decreasing,increasing and unimodal failure rate

In this paper, we proposed a new family of distributions namely exponentiated exponential–geometric (E2G) distribution. The E2G distribution is a straightforwardly generalization of the exponential–geometric (EG) distribution proposed by Adamidis and Loukas [A lifetime distribution with decreasing failure rate, Statist. Probab. Lett. 39 (1998), pp. 35–42], which accommodates increasing, decreasing and unimodal hazard functions. It arises on a latent competing risk scenarios, where the lifetime associated with a particular risk is not observable but only the minimum lifetime value among all risks. The properties of the proposed distribution are discussed, including a formal proof of its probability density function and explicit algebraic formulas for its survival and hazard functions, moments, rth moment of the ith order statistic, mean residual lifetime and modal value. Maximum-likelihood inference is implemented straightforwardly. From a mis-specification simulation study performed in order to assess the extent of the mis-specification errors when testing the EG distribution against the E2G, and we observed that it is usually possible to discriminate between both distributions even for moderate samples with presence of censoring. The practical importance of the new distribution was demonstrated in three applications where we compare the E2G distribution with several lifetime distributions.     

When Should a Firm Open its Source Code: A Strategic Analysis

Deciding to open the source code of a software product has advantages and disadvantages. The disadvantage is that the firm loses the revenue from the software. The advantage is that the users' network can contribute to the quality of the software code, which increases the demand for the software and for a complementary product. Demand for the complementary product also goes up, because demand for a product increases when the price of its complement decreases, and under open source, the price of the software product drops down to zero. This paper examines the strategic interactions at work here, within a duopoly framework, and tries to determine the circumstances under which it is optimal for a firm to open its code. We find that firms open the source code when there is a competitive software‐product market, a less competitive complementary‐product market, and when the complementary product is of high quality. Furthermore, it is more profitable for the firm to open the source code if its competitor also does so. When this happens the incentive to open the code can even be higher than in a monopoly situation. More intense competition induces symmetric equilibria in which both firms choose the same strategy.     

陈虬维新思想的主要理论基础

陈虬是中国近代早期维新派的主要代言人之一,其维新思想具有时代先进性,而这种先进性来源于厚实的理论基础。本文拟剖析他维新思想的主要理论基础("变易"观、经世致用、中体西用),从而肯定他在中国近代思想家的行列中所应占有的重要地位。     

制定法与判例法的比较及确立刑事判例补充制度的可行性

目前学术界对我国是否可确立刑事判例制度争论甚大,甚至两种观点截然对立.文章通过对制定法与判例法的优劣比较研究,尤其是基于目前两大法系新近出现的趋于融合的纵深分析,加之我国刑事司法实际工作的需要,笔者认为目前在我国确立刑事判例补充制度,不仅必要而且完全可行.并提出应建立具有我国社会主义特点的刑事判例制度体系.     

区域贸易协定扩散与WTO新角色假说

"垫脚石"论、"飞转的相互依赖齿轮"论和"互补性竞争"论,都从积极的一面探讨了区域一体化与多边贸易体制之间的互动关系,然而"绊脚石"论依然具有客观事实依据和学术支持。在处理与区域贸易协定冲突问题尤其是贸易争端方面,法学界提出了多重选择方案,让WTO扮演"终结者"、"牧师"、"检察官"、"实施者"角色,甚至将WTO争端解决机制作为"公共物品"进行"外包",尚缺乏足够的现实基础和法律依据。穿越体制性障碍,进行制度再设计是今后努力的方向。中国应采取更加积极和务实的战略处理两者关系,充分利用多种战略平台促进对外开放,参与全球经济治理。应更加注重在全球多边贸易体系中的作用,尽力推动多哈回合谈判进程;更加务实地参与区域经济一体化;在强调扩大内需的同时,决不能降低对国际市场份额的追求;根据争端商品的市场竞争情况及价格影响和控制能力来选择贸易争端解决机制。     

试论封建社会的德治

德治思想作为儒家治理国家的重要学说,曾对古代历史发展进程产生过决定性的影响.考察德治思想的起源、涵义及其成因,无论对研究中国古代社会的超稳定结构,还是探索当今的治国理论与实践,均有着重要意义.     

组织学习对员工—组织匹配的影响——知识惯性调节作用的实证研究

本文实证研究组织学习对员工—组织匹配的影响及知识惯性的调节作用。研究发现学习承诺、分享愿景和开放心智对一致性匹配和互补性匹配具有显著正向影响;经验惯性和学习惯性在学习承诺、分享愿景和开放心智对一致性匹配的影响有负向调节作用。     

互补状态约束系统与微分包含的等价性研究

讨论了带有互补状态约束的控制系统与微分包含的等价性.利用凸分析分别讨论了带有线性等式的状态约束和状态约束函数为非光滑凸函数的互补状态约束系统与微分包含的等价问题.在两种不同的状态约束条件下,可以通过构造不同的切锥和法锥来解决具体问题.     

基于“硬件/软件”平台产品性能改进的定价策略与激励合同研究

构建了一个“硬件/软件”平台，平台一边是互补内容或服务的提供商，一边是购买平台产品和内容的最终消费者。在刻画平台产品和内容之间互补网络效应的基础上，考虑平台产品性能改进，运用博弈论方法，揭示了平台产品定价、内容定价、平台收费及平台产品性能水平决策的内在机理，并进一步探索了优化平台产品性能的激励合同设计。研究结果表明：(1)在一定条件下平台产品可以亏本销售，但内容必须具有盈利性。(2)互补性网络效应越强、平台产品性能改进效率越高或敏感系数越小将促使平台提高产品性能并制定更高的平台接入费，同时内容价格也会提高。但平台产品性能水平与其价格的变化并不总是保持一致。(3)数量折扣和固定转移支付合同的组合合同可以实现双边市场系统的协调并进一步优化平台产品性能水平，且当固定转移费用在一定范围内时，实现平台和内容提供商利润的帕累托改进。