会话幽默中的曲解策略

曲解(刻意或无意)是会话产生幽默效果的重要原因,刻意曲解更是话语交际者实现言语幽默的重要手段.会话幽默中,听话人利用语言本身的模糊性和发话人的语用模糊实施自己的曲解策略,制造幽默效果,或者借此实现特定的交际意图.     

俄语计算机俚语

80年代以来,随着世界科学技术突飞猛进的发展,随着个人电脑在俄罗斯市场的出现、普及和深入,伴随着程序设计者的职业用语开始形成计算机行家和游戏爱好者独特的计算机俚语,使俄语口语获得了新的生机,俄罗斯语文学研究进入了一个新的时期．其特点是对包括俚语在内的口语研究,出版了一批俚语研究论著。本文初步探讨研究了俄语计算机俚语的来源、构成特点、修辞特点,希望此文能引起更多的语言学家的重视和研究。     

幽默言语认知心理机制的关联及整合

集中于幽默言语本质研究的诸多理论在阐释幽默产生和消解的底层认知运作机制时都表现出了一定的局限性,而两大认知理论——关联理论和概念整合理论给言语幽默解读的心理过程提供了较好的认知模型。关联理论认为对幽默言语理解的心理认知机制来自于寻求幽默的认知语境的最佳关联及最大关联性与最佳关联性之间的反差。概念整合理论从心理空间映射的角度解释了幽默言语的解读过程还牵涉到概念合成和层创结构。研究表明,两大理论具有互补性,二者的理论整合可以更好地揭示幽默效应的认知心理机制。     

幽默言语行为的语用策略及在交际中的影响

本文论述话语幽默是人类交际活动巾重要的语言现象,它既是人们行使其他青外之力的有效手段,又有助于人们更好地实现交际目的：     

Computationally and statistically efficient model fitting techniques

A significant challenge in fitting metamodels of large-scale simulations with sufficient accuracy is in the computational time required for rigorous statistical validation. This paper addresses the statistical computation issues associated with the Bootstrap and modified PRESS statistic, which yield key metrics for error measurements in metamodelling validation. Experimentation is performed on different programming languages, namely, MATLAB, R, and Python, and implemented on different computing architectures including traditional multicore personal computers and high-power clusters with parallel computing capabilities. This study yields insight into the effect that programming languages and computing architecture have on the computational time for simulation metamodel validation. The experimentation is performed across two scenarios with varying complexity.     

A Mother's Value Lies in Her Sexuality: The Simpsons,Family Guy,and South Park and the Preservation of Traditional Sex Roles

This article examines the relationship between being a sexual woman and a good mother in The Simpsons, Family Guy, and South Park. Considering the sexual criticisms of women in the “Mommy Wars” which continue to be fought across the United States, we find that these three programs reproduce conservative assumptions about women's sexuality and motherhood. Through critical constructionist theories of humor and motherhood, mothers from each program are analyzed and the relationship between their sexuality and motherliness is examined in detail. We conclude with a discussion of the social constrictions of reality that humorous popular culture both exposes and reproduces.     

Teaching culture beyond nationalist boundaries: national identities,stereotyping, and culture in language education

The authors take a critical language pedagogy approach to examining a 2011 controversy over disparaging comments towards Mexicans made by commentators of the British Broadcasting Corporation’s automotive show Top Gear. In particular, they focus on the characterization of groups and individuals according to their nationality and examine the ubiquity of nationalism and its ability to shape our conception of culture and in turn our understandings of others as members of ‘X national culture.’ The fact that humor is often a justification for national stereotyping and that these stereotypes are also connected to racist discourse are also explored. In the second part of the article, the implications of the stereotyping debate for language classrooms are considered. The authors argue that the controversy itself can be used as a tool for critical engagement that helps students deconstruct the underlying nationalist paradigm in L2 classrooms and build greater intercultural awareness.

Español: Los autores examinan, desde una perspectiva de la pedagogía crítica del lenguaje, la controversia que surgió en el 2011 debido a los comentarios nocivos hechos hacia los mexicanos por los locutores del show automotriz del BBC, Top Gear. En particular, se enfocan en la caracterización de los grupos e individuos de acuerdo a su nacionalidad, y examinan la ubiquidad del nacionalismo y su capacidad para darle forma a nuestra conceptualización de la cultura y, a su vez, nuestra forma de ver a otros como miembros de una ‘cultural nacional X’. Los autores también exploran el hecho de que a menudo se utiliza el humor como una justificación para los estereotipos nacionales, y que estos estereotipos también están conectados al discurso racista. En la segunda parte del artículo, se consideran las implicaciones para la enseñanza de idiomas del debate sobre los estereotipos. Argumentan los autores que la controversia en sí se puede utilizar como una herramienta para promover una postura crítica que ayude a los alumnos a deconstruir el paradigma subyacente del nacionalismo en el salón de lenguas extranjeras y fomente la conciencia intercultural.     

Gender identity and lexical variation in social media

We present a study of the relationship between gender, linguistic style, and social networks, using a novel corpus of 14,000 Twitter users. Prior quantitative work on gender often treats this social variable as a female/male binary; we argue for a more nuanced approach. By clustering Twitter users, we find a natural decomposition of the dataset into various styles and topical interests. Many clusters have strong gender orientations, but their use of linguistic resources sometimes directly conflicts with the population‐level language statistics. We view these clusters as a more accurate reflection of the multifaceted nature of gendered language styles. Previous corpus‐based work has also had little to say about individuals whose linguistic styles defy population‐level gender patterns. To identify such individuals, we train a statistical classifier, and measure the classifier confidence for each individual in the dataset. Examining individuals whose language does not match the classifier's model for their gender, we find that they have social networks that include significantly fewer same‐gender social connections and that, in general, social network homophily is correlated with the use of same‐gender language markers. Pairing computational methods and social theory thus offers a new perspective on how gender emerges as individuals position themselves relative to audiences, topics, and mainstream gender norms.     

突降格及其语序意义的再现

突降法是英汉两种语言中都十分常见的修辞格。它的最大特点是不可前后颠倒的语序。因此,突降辞格的翻译不能套用一般的语序翻译原则。否则,辞格修辞效果就不可能再现出来。     

网络语言幽默风格的创新

网络语言的幽默不是一眼望穿的幽默，而是让人略一迟疑，稍加思考的曲径通幽式的幽默。网络语言的幽默风格的创新主要体现在一、语词使用上鲜明的E时代感；二、依托于高科技；三、借助网络的匿名性，损已利人造幽默。