PSS business model conceptualization and application*

The discussion about business models has gained considerable attention in the last decade. Business model frameworks have been developed in the literature as management methods helping companies to comprehend and analyse their current business logic and guide the deployment of new strategies. In response to calls for a deeper understanding of the application of a business model approach to product-service systems (PSS), this study develops a two-level hierarchical framework that (i) includes a set of components with pertinent, second-order variables to take into account when undergoing the shift from products to solutions; (ii) supports industrial companies, especially SMEs, in designing their future business model and in consistently planning the actions needed to implement it. The framework was applied and refined within real-life settings. The application to KINE – a robot solutions supplier – shows how key challenges faced by servitization firms may be thoroughly addressed through the adoption of a business model perspective.     

基于可靠性基因库的民用飞机故障智能诊断网络框架设计

作为典型的复杂产品,大型民用飞机是工业化国家科技水平的综合体现,其运营过程中的故障问题是关系其商业成功的重要影响方面。传统的针对此类产品的故障诊断模型大多都以数据为驱动,忽略了大型民用飞机内部的组成结构和运行逻辑关系,在一定程度上影响了故障诊断的准确性和智能性。针对此问题,本文从大型民机系统的自身物理结构、可靠性框图以及运行逻辑关系出发,运用相关的数学、计算机和大数据技术,首先搭建了大型民用飞机全寿命周期可靠性基因库,并解析了可靠性基因的遗传、更新、演化等机制;其次基于大型民用飞机的故障模式设计了相应的故障诊断算法;然后构建了整个民用飞机故障智能诊断网络框架;最后通过案例研究,表明本文所提框架的实用性和有效性。     

Anticipating or Accommodating to Public Concern? Risk Amplification and the Politics of Precaution Reexamined

Regulatory use of the precautionary principle (PP) tends to be broadly characterized either as a responsible approach for safeguarding against health and environmental risks in the face of scientific uncertainties, or as “state mismanagement” driven by undue political bias and public anxiety. However, the “anticipatory” basis upon which governments variably draw a political warrant for adopting precautionary measures often remains ambiguous. Particularly, questions arise concerning whether the PP is employed preemptively by political elites from the “top down,” or follows from more conventional democratic pressures exerted by citizens and other stakeholders from the “bottom up.” This article elucidates the role and impact of citizen involvement in the precautionary politics shaping policy discourse surrounding the U.K. government's “precautionary approach” to mobile telecommunications technology and health. A case study is presented that critically reexamines the basis upon which U.K. government action has been portrayed as an instance of anticipatory policy making. Findings demonstrate that the use of the PP should not be interpreted in the preemptive terms communicated by U.K. government officials alone, but also in relation to the wider social context of risk amplification and images of public concern formed adaptively in antagonistic precautionary discourse between citizens, politicians, industry, and the media, which surrounded cycles of government policy making. The article discusses the sociocultural conditions and political dynamics underpinning public influence on government anticipation and responsiveness exemplified in this case, and concludes with research and policy implications for how society subsequently comes to terms with the emergence and precautionary governance of new technologies under conflict.     

基于人工免疫的企业流程案例库三级索引框架

根据流程案例的特点,从行业、业务和流程信息化程度3个方面构建三级索引框架,从而能够有效地对流程案例进行分类存储、快速检索与匹配。三级索引机制的核心是基于企业流程信息化程度的第三级索引构建,利用基于人工免疫的aiNet聚类方法的噪声忍耐、自组织、记忆性以及能够有效避免局部最优等方面的特点,对流程案例进行第三级分类,将人工免疫的抗体作为聚类中心,形成流程案例的第三级索引。最后利用105个样本对该三级索引机制的构建过程进行了实证。     

消费者调节定向和从众行为对移动优惠券使用意愿的影响研究

基于效价理论和调节定向理论,探讨了消费者调节定向和从众行为对移动优惠券使用意愿的主要影响因素.通过使用Smart PLS建立结构方程模型并对问卷调查数据进行了分析.研究结果表明,消费者的感知收益和感知努力显著影响移动优惠券使用态度,促进定向增强感知收益对态度的正向作用,防御定向增强感知努力对态度的反向作用.使用态度和从众行为均能增强消费者移动优惠券的使用意愿.     

试论外部取向管理创新模式生成机理的研究框架

根据DAMANPOUR等的研究建议,结合对企业典型管理创新的实地调研,提出了管理创新的分类体系,并对内外部取向管理创新的内涵进行了界定;选择外部取向管理创新作为研究对象,分析了其模式的生成过程和特征。在此基础上提出了一个企业家个体决策、企业家-组织过渡、组织创新行为3个层面的研究框架,分析了每个层面的研究内容,并进行了相应的研究方法设计;使用大连亨利测控仪表工程有限公司的战略创新案例对理论框架进行了初验,试图以此解读外部取向管理创新模式的生成过程及其机理,为提高我国企业管理创新的成功率提供理论指导。     

基于核主成分分析的生态评价模型及其应用研究

利用"驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应(DPSIR)"框架构建了生态评价指标体系。建立了基于核主成分分析的生态评价模型,并对中国10个副省级城市的生态状况进行了分析。创新与特色一是将人的需求、经济发展和社会进步等要素纳入DPSIR概念框架构建指标体系,克服了现有生态评价片面关注环境与资源状况或只关注环境保护与治理状况的不足。二是通过比较各备选核函数对应的核矩阵与最优核矩阵的相似度确定了最优核函数和最优核参数,改变了现有研究的核函数和核参数随意选取的问题。三是通过对评价指标和评价系数进行属性聚类确定影响生态评价的关键因素,改变了核主成分分析无法判断关键影响因素的问题。四是研究结果表明,影响中国副省级城市生态状况最重要的指标分别是人均绿色GDP、人均绿地面积、空气质量和万元GDP SO2排放强度;而人均居民生活用电量、人口密度和人口自然增长率对其影响很小;影响中国副省级城市生态状况的最重要的评价准则依次是驱动力、状态、压力和响应。     

Social cohesion revisited: a new definition and how to characterize it

This paper provides a general overview on different perspectives and studies on social cohesion, offers a definition of social cohesion that is deeply rooted in current literature, and provides a framework that can be used to characterize social cohesion and help support resilient cities. The framework highlights the factors that play a substantial role in enabling social cohesion, and shows from which perspectives it can be fostered.     

机械系统辅助概念设计的演化方法

在对设计过程的深刻认识基础上,本文提出并分析了机械系统辅助概念设计的演化模型CBED,结合机械系统的领域特征和演化个体的实例表达,对一般的演化算法进行了扩展和修正,包括建立在功能实现最小系统概念基础上的功能衍生算子及与交叉、变异算子和补足算子的结合、父体功能-结构分析算子和结构合并算子等.     

从新《合同法》谈我国国际保理法律架构

自２０世纪８０年代末以来,随着信息、通讯技术的迅速发展和国际范围买方市场的全面形成,作为一种新颖的融资手段,国际保理在国际贸易中发挥越来越重要的作用。我国作为外贸出口大国,应尽快制定并完善我国的保理法律体系。