Making ends meet: perceptions of poverty in Sweden

During the era after the Second World War, Sweden has built a welfare system based on labor market participation and income maintenance. Low unemployment and decent wages are supposed to guarantee people a labor market income or income maintenance, which in turn should provide a proper standard for everyone. However, a rapid increase in unemployment and economic problems have made the future of the Swedish welfare state more uncertain than ever. These circumstances have, among other things, led to the suggestion that Sweden should abandon the income maintenance policy and create a social policy system with the more limited ambition of guaranteeing everyone a minimum income. In that case, one central question must be answered: what constitutes a decent minimum income in today's Sweden? Where should we draw the poverty line under which people will not be forced to live? These questions are central in the current debate. The consensual poverty line method is used in this article to derive a poverty line relevant for today's Sweden. The results shows that more than every fifth household has an income below the consensual poverty line. That is, they have an income that most Swedes would argue is too low to make ends meet. The level of the consensual poverty line was compared with the National Board of Health and Welfare's guidelines for social assistance. The consensual poverty line was shown to be more generous to small households and the norm for social assistance was more generous to larger households. Finally, the expenditure for guaranteeing all Swedish household a minimum income equal to the consensual poverty line was estimated: more than SEK 25 billion per year. The results in the article casts serious doubt on the ability of the Swedish welfare state to secure a decent income to all citizens.     

政党整合、群众路线与村治创新

乡村善治是国家治理现代化的基石。当前乡村社会关系的快速变迁与村民自治制度的准科层化倾向不利于政党政治的社会化基础建构,易造成执政党在乡村场域中的关系边缘化和治理悬浮化,消解这种边缘与悬浮风险的核心在于建构以基层党组织为核心的“双向整合-理性嵌入”的践行群众路线的新机制。一方面,通过组织结构优化、精英下沉与精英吸纳以及选择性激励强化党的内部整合;另一方面,通过组织、制度和价值的多维理性嵌入的方式整合乡村社会,在嵌入的过程中建构以群众为基础的治理资源、提升基层社会的治理技能以及培育村庄的政治社会化意识。在通过此机制综合分析农业农村部推介的乡村治理典型案例过程中,归纳出政党整合在村治创新中的核心价值是形成以基层党组织的领导为轴心、村庄多元主体有机参与的乡村社会治理共同体。此外,这种“双向整合-理性嵌入”机制的功能发挥依赖于村庄集体经济的发展、乡村简约主义治理的激活以及理性服务型政党的建构的三重支撑。     

空间OLAP 技术研究

针对决策支持系统中空间数据可视化应用趋势,研究基于空间数据仓库的一种决策分析 工具———在线分析处理,通过改进空间数据立方体的物化视图选择方法,并进行了实例分析, 验证该方法的有效性和优越性,更好地解决空间OLAP 响应时间延迟问题. 进而扩展空间OLAP 应用模型和模式,实现更加完备、灵活的空间OLAP 操作功能.     

Children in immediate danger: Emergency removals in Finnish and Irish child protection

This paper presents a qualitative analysis of front‐line practices regarding emergency removals in Finnish and Irish child protection. It examines how the responses to children's immediate danger are framed by legislation and how front‐line practitioners assess the child's situation and make emergency placement decisions. The data consist of interviews with 16 Irish and 33 Finnish social workers. These child welfare protection systems respond differently to a task that appears to be similar. The Irish team‐based practice rests on the social workers' shared assessment of the child's needs, and the formal decision is made by the courts (or police officers at night‐time); and the Finnish practice involves only one single social worker who makes both the assessment and the removal decision. The Irish system is tightly time regulated, whereas the Finnish system provides a more flexible time frame. Both approaches put a lot of stress on social workers' practice, which also includes creative workarounds (e.g., “planned emergency removals” in Finland). Future research will need to explore these features from the point of view of a child's right to protection.     

Backward capacity-filtering for electronics Fabs

In electronics Fabs such as semiconductor Fabs and liquid crystal display (LCD) Fabs, which are capital-intensive, finite-capacity planning is critical to achieving full-capacity production and on-time production. However, existing finite-capacity planning methods do not adequately reflect the actual capacity profiles of an electronics Fab. In this paper, we propose a new Fab-level capacity-filtering procedure to generate finite-capacity plan: a backward capacity-filtering procedure for generating finite-capacity release plan. When developing the Fab-level filtering procedures, we use stage-level capacity-filtering algorithms as a key building block. In this study, we enhance the previous capacity-filtering algorithms proposed by one of the authors in order to facilitate the practical requirements of electronics Fabs. We apply the proposed capacity-filtering method to a modern LCD–TFT Fab in Korea. Performance analyses demonstrate that the proposed method is superior to existing methods.     

对西部民族地区英语"一条龙"教学规划的几点思考

我国目前英语教学所花周期较长,效果相对校差,已成为外语界关注的重要课题。针对这一状况,西部地区英语教育更要以“西部开发”为契机,着眼于大、中、小英语教学的全部过程,探讨如何搞好民族地区英语教学的方法和路子。     

耕地红线的话语之争--可持续发展背后的争论及其思考

可持续发展已成为一种被普遍接纳的发展模式,但在具体的公共政策制定过程中,人们对于如何调整经济、社会、环境等各方面的关系、如何权衡不同目标的看法却强烈地受到认知框架和价值立场的影响,进而带来了可持续发展目标背后尖锐对立的政策争论。近年来引发社会热议的耕地红线问题就是一个典型的例子。从政策话语的视角,对耕地红线“存”“废”两派的观点进行分析,讨论了政策争论背后关于证据、故事诠释和认知图景上的分歧,进而认为,在可持续发展的宗旨背后,政策制定者面临着来自社会价值多元化以及人类认知复杂性的挑战,而打破话语霸权、促进不同话语之间平等、理性的审议协商是弥合分歧、构建共识的重要途径。     

政策过程中的群众路线研究

群众路线将党的组织与政策过程的合理性与合法性建立在党群、干部动态互动关系之中,由此形成了丰富的政策话语逻辑。在阶级斗争话语占主导的时期,群众运动作为一种主要的治国形式,在塑造政策过程中具有重要影响。在政策过程中,除了官僚体系网络,还存在基于复杂的干群互动、政治协商、群众参与所形成的动员协商网络。干部在政策执行过程中受群众路线的约束主要体现在结合执行工作自身特点形成有效的群众工作机制、立场与作风。     

灌装包装生产线效率评估系统的设计

针对国内一部分食品企业灌装包装生产线难以量化生产线效率的现状,提出了一套切实有效的生产线效率评估系统。通过评估设备速度V-曲线,以现代信息化技术为基础,提取出关键设备的停机记录,其中包含了停机的起始时间、终止时间、时长、分类、机台和原因等几大关键项内容,然后对内外部因素造成的各类时间损失进行准确量化评估,从而构建以总资产利用率、线毛产出率、设备综合利用率和线效率4项指标为衡量标准的一套生产线效率评估系统。本系统实现了灌装包装生产线数字化过程,整体透视出企业的综合管理能力、部门之间的协调配合能力、设备运行能力和故障处理能力。基于此数字化效率评估系统,可以分析停机成因,识别出影响生产线效率的核心要素,通过针对性的优化手段,达到提高效率的目的,实现降低成本和提高利润的业务目标。     

对太平天国婚姻家庭制度的剖析

婚姻家庭制度在太平天国颁发的一系列政策和法令中占有突出的地位,对其利弊进行实事求是的分析也就显得至关重要。该文拟就男女平等的主张、婚姻制度的改革、严别男行女行、封建婚姻陈规陋习的"回归",这四个方面进行剖析。