母语在外语教学中的对比功能

文章从语言的共同点出发,分析了母语与英语在语音、语法和词汇方面的特点,通过对两种语言之间三要素的对比分析,探索了母语的对比功能在外语教学中的作用,为英语教学提供可操作策略。     

越南濒危民族语言的现状及应对濒危语言的政策

由于交际环境变小、与其它人口多的民族杂居等原因,越南的尔都、布依、仡佬、阿连和马良等少数民族的语言正在出现逐渐消亡的危机。要保留和发展这些濒危语言,笔者认为这些民族必须得到良好的普通话(即国家通用语言)教育,以便创造与各民族进行平等交际的环境。同时,要多种形式地组织这些民族的传统文化活动,为他们使用母语进行交际创造环境。     

孔子“出妻”说及相关问题

历代学者多认为孔子"出妻",儒家不重视婚姻家庭,这严重影响了人们对孔子生活实际的认识,甚至导致人们对孔子的学说产生怀疑。实际上,《礼记》、《仪礼》、《孔子家语》等典籍的相关记载,并没有所谓孔子"出妻"之事说,所谓"孔氏三世出妻说"、"四世出妻说"也不符合历史事实。儒家十分重视婚姻家庭的和睦对治理社会的重要作用。     

张载对孝悌思想的发展及其启示

孝悌是"仁"的根本和基础。北宋思想家张载对"孝悌"思想作了重要发展:首先,把天地当作父母,把所有的人和万物都当作兄弟和朋友;其次,把孝悌由一种品德提升为一种精神修养。张载对传统孝悌思想的发展具有深刻的启示:提升道德修养和精神境界需要从孝悌开始,同时需要具备感恩和移情能力。     

“是……的”句型日译汉的偏误分析

据实际语料考察,日本留学生在日译汉过程中使用“是……的”句型的出错率较高。留学生误译语句中有的没有使用“是……的”句型,有的虽然使用了“是……的”句型,但语序等方面存在问题。在分析偏误产生的原因的基础上,通过朗读等语感训练方式,可以提高“是……的”句型使用的正确率。     

张爱玲对女性意识的启蒙

夏志清先生的一本《中国现代小说史》捧红了作家张爱玲。其实早在20世纪40年代初,张爱玲作为现代的女性作家就已闪耀文坛。她的独特之处在于对女性的观照有着个性化的体悟。在文学创作中更全面的表现了女性在封建宗法社会所受的深重压迫。张爱玲从女儿、妻子、母亲的女性不同身份来阐释了女性的内心压抑与伤痛。     

A cross-cultural study on surrogate mother's empathy and maternal–foetal attachment

BackgroundTraditional and gestational surrogate mothers assist infertile couples by carrying their children. In 2005, a meta-analysis on surrogacy was conducted but no study had examined empathy and maternal–foetal attachment of surrogate mothers. Assessments of surrogate mothers show no sign of psychopathology, but one study showed differences on several MMPI-2 scales compared to a normative sample: surrogate mothers identified with stereotypically masculine traits such as assertiveness and competition. They had a higher self-esteem and lower levels of anxiety and depression.Research objectiveTo determine if there is a difference in empathy and maternal–foetal attachment of surrogate mothers compared to a comparison group of mothers.MethodsThree groups of European traditional and gestational surrogate mothers (n = 10), Anglo-Saxon traditional and gestational surrogate mothers (n = 34) and a European normative sample of mothers (n = 32) completed four published psychometric instruments: the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (empathy index), the Hospital Anxiety and Depressions Scale and the MC20, a social desirability scale. Pregnant surrogate mothers filled the Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale (n = 11). Statistical non-parametric analyses of variance were conducted.FindingsDepending on cultural background, surrogate mothers present differences in terms of empathy, anxiety and depression, social desirability and quality of attachment to the foetus compared to a normative sample.ConclusionsEnvironment plays a role for traditional and gestational surrogacy. Surrogate mothers of both groups are less anxious and depressed than normative samples. Maternal–foetal attachment is strong with a slightly lower quality of attachment. Surrogate mother's empathy indexes are similar to normative samples, sometimes higher.     

论元杂剧中母亲形象的类型化

元杂剧是元代具有代表性的文学样式，剧作家以其奇思妙笔成功地塑造出一大批鲜明生动的人物形象。其中，母亲人物形象类型多样，蕴含丰富，使之成为文学史上引人注目的一个群体。然而元杂剧中母亲形象存在着明显类型化的痕迹，分析其特点并探讨形成类型化特点的成因，客观指出其类型化的塑造方法。     

Kakar's Psychoanalytic Interpretation of Indian Childhood: The Need to Emphasize the Father and Multiple Caregivers in The Socialization Equation

Kakar's psychoanalytic analysis of the role of the father in the East Indian child's socioemotional development during the early childhood period is examined. Furthermore, maternal employment and multiple caregiving are considered in broad terms. Using findings from observational studies of parent-infant interactions and care in diverse cultures around the world as a barometer, it is argued that fathers are more centrally involved in the Indian child's life than has been previously acknowledged. It is proposed that the Indian mother remains the primary caregiver with other socialization agents assuming complementary but nonequivalent roles in the Indian child's social development. Future discussions of Indian childhood development could further delineate the role of the father and multiple caregivers in the socialization process.     

从女性主义看路遥笔下的贤妻良母形象

路遥作品中,塑造了一些贤妻良母式的女性人物形象。她们生儿育女、相夫教子、无私奉献,是符合男权观念的女性形象。在女性主义的审视下,这些贤妻良母过的却是丧失了自我与个性的生活,并没有真正的幸福可言。