Comparison of Role Demands,Relationships, and Child Functioning in Single-Mother,Single-Father,and Intact Families

Abstract

Numerous studies have examined the impact of divorce on parents and children, but most of these studies have been restricted to single-mother families. This study compared differences in role demands, relationships, and child functioning using the responses of parents and children in 30 single-mother, 30 single-father, and 30 intact families. Single fathers had better resources than single mothers, more positive parenting than married fathers, and relied more on friends than the married parents. Single mothers had less education, less prestigious jobs, lower incomes, and more economic strain than the other parents. They also had fewer social resources and more difficulty than married parents with the parenting role. Despite these disadvantages of single mother families, children in these families were no different than children in other families on most measures of well-being. The only problem that was identified in the functioning of children from single-parent families was with their behavior. These findings can be used to develop strategies to reduce risks and enhance the existing resources and strengths of single-parent families.     

Feeding the Hand that Bit You: Lesbian Daughters at Mid-Life Negotiating Parental Caretaking

SUMMARY

Like other women in our culture, lesbians find parental caretaking is a gendered expectation that often falls to them. This article explores how we negotiate competing demands and integrate our parents' needs into our lives. The daughter/parent relationship may have been strained by parental homophobia, exclusion of our partner, “splitting” between our lesbian and birth family lives, and physical distance. We may recall feelings of metaphorical and physical caretaking not offered to us when we came out, when lack of parental support may have brought financial abandonment and emotional upset. Inversion of the relationship into the child as parental caretaker, fraught with mixed emotions, can bring resolution of long-held resentments and pain.     

Non-parental childcare,time pressure and the gendered division of paid work,domestic work and parental childcare

What impact does out-sourcing childcare have on the time parents spend on paid work, domestic work and childcare, and how they share these tasks between themselves? Using data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Time Use Survey (TUS) 2006 we investigate the effects of formal and informal non-parental childcare on the time use of couples with children aged 0–4 years (N=348). We examine associations between non-parental care and (1) couples' combined time in paid work, domestic work and childcare, (2) parents' time separately by gender in paid work, domestic work and childcare (subdivided by activity type) and (3) parents' self-reported time pressure. Total workloads (the sum of paid work, domestic work and childcare) are neither higher nor lower when non-parental care is used, either for households combined or for each gender separately. The way time is spent, and how activities are divided by gender does differ, however. For mothers the use of any non-parental care and more hours in formal care is associated with more paid work hours, less childcare time and higher self-reported time pressure. Fathers' time is more constant, but they report higher subjective time pressure with increasing hours of formal non-parental care.     

性别视角和时代精神辐射下的恶母形象——话剧《孔雀东南飞》和《原野》中的焦母形象比较

文中的"恶母"形象主要指文学作品中守寡多年,对儿子产生过分依赖心理,而对儿媳有仇视心理的这类母亲形象。作为一个群体,恶母形象具有典型特征。但多数研究者往往忽视了这个群体中具体形象的差异性。作为现代文学中两个恶母形象的典型,《孔雀东南飞》和《原野》中的焦母形象具有不同内涵,造成这种差异性的重要因素就在于男女作家视角的差别和时代精神的影响。     

研究生英语精读教学探讨——以谭恩美《母语》的教学为例

精读课是研究生英语教学中一门重要的课程.以谭恩美的作品<母语>为教学实例,介绍如何依托课文,结合"3+3"的英语课堂教学模式,即"视、听、读"三种语言输入渠道,和"说、写、演"三种语言输出渠道相结合,开展多方位教学活动,培养非英语专业研究生的英语综合运用能力.     

国内单亲母亲家庭十年研究综述

对国内近十年来单亲母亲家庭方面的研究成果进行分析发现,单亲母亲家庭研究在研究取向的客观化、研究范式的拓展和研究的本土化等方面取得了一定的进展和成绩,但也存在不足。建议今后的研究取向为：从纵向的角度对单亲母亲家庭进行行动研究,连续性、系统性地探究她们家庭结构发生改变、生活遭受重创之后复原与成长的能力和过程。     

浅析辽朝萧太后的治国方略

由草原文化与农业文化交流融合而培育出来的一代女杰萧太后萧绰,积极实施汉化政策。她没有停留在建章立制的层面上,而是着眼于推进契丹社会封建化的长远战略。本文论述了她在辅佐景宗、圣宗及亲政期间进行的一系列改革：选贤任能．整顿吏治;加强法治,释放奴隶;轻徭薄赋,发展生产;开课取士,学习汉族文化,最终完成了契丹社会的封建化进程。     

亟待钩沉字原学

中华汉字是由母系形类字原二百字,子系声韵字原九百六十字,合千一百六十文,而成无穷之字。由此揭示：任一汉字。不是母体字,就是同源字;任一汉字无不出自每一同源字群;万千汉字各同源!     

婆婆:男性世界的同谋——中国现代文学女性形象之一

成功的女性形象的塑造,是中国现代丈学的重要成就之一.从文化角度看,现代文学的女性形象可分两大类;传统女性与现代女性.本文对传统女性中一个特殊的阶层——旧式家庭中的婆婆的形象进行分析,试图发掘其“特权”存在的历史文化根源.     

Does Part-Time Mothering Help Get a Job? The Role of Shared Custody in Women’s Employment

Though child shared physical custody arrangements after divorce are much more frequent and parents who use it more diverse in many European countries, little is known about their economic consequences for parents. By relaxing family time constraints, does shared custody help divorced mothers return to or stay on work more easily? Since lone mothers are one of the least-employed groups, and they face high unemployment rates, the type of child custody arrangement adopted after divorce is of particular interest for their employability. This article analyses to what extent the type of child custody arrangement affects mothers’ labour market patterns after divorce.Using a large sample of divorcees from an exhaustive French administrative income tax database, and taking advantage of the huge territorial discrepancies observed in the proportion of shared custody, we correct for the possible endogeneity of shared custody. Results show that not repartnered mothers with shared custody arrangements are 24 percentage points more likely to work one year after divorce compared to those having sole custody, while no significant effect is found for repartnered mothers. Among lone mothers, we also highlight huge heterogeneous effects: larger positive effects are observed for previously inactive women, for those belonging to the lowest income quintiles before divorce, for those with a young child, and for those who have three or more children. Thus, shared physical custody arrangements may reduce work–family conflict by diminishing childcare expenses and enlarge the possibilities to find a suitable job because of more relaxed time constraints for lone mothers.