“汩”之音义关系考——兼论古书混淆“汩”“汨”字形之误

＂汩＂与＂汨＂本不同字形,但由于都与水有关,又加上篆书隶变的原因,古籍多有混淆。＂汩＂之音有三：＂于笔切＂、＂古忽切＂、＂胡骨切＂。古代辞书中＂汩＂之音义搭配有时出现龃龉现象,原因是＂于笔切＂、＂古忽切＂、＂胡骨切＂三音实为一声之转,其最初读音为＂于笔切＂,最初的基本意义为＂治水＂,＂沉迷＂、＂疾行＂、＂水流＂、＂光洁貌＂、＂涌波＂等都是其引申的结果。汉语中,＂汩汩＂,同＂＂,表＂水流动的声音或样子＂,本应读＂于笔切＂,即＂yùyù＂,由于受俗音＂古忽切＂的影响,今音已约定俗成,读为＂ɡǔɡǔ＂。     

尼泊尔林布族的社会变迁——喜马拉雅山地文化的女性视角

林布族居住在尼泊尔东部,是喜马拉雅山地民族中人口数量相对较多的一个族群。由于历史上印度高种姓阶层不断迁徙到林布族人居住的地方,林布族人被迫抵押肥沃的土地,甚至离开原住地外出谋生。挣到钱的林布族人回到家乡,不仅赎回质押的土地,还开始从事其他贸易,取代往日的头人成了地方精英。林布族人对种姓制度的认识表明了他们具有民族主义情结,但社会结构的急剧变迁又让林布族文化逐渐与印度文化趋同。林布族妇女的权力在社会结构变迁中发生了很大变化,这是经济活动和文化接触等多种因素综合作用的结果。     

社会性管制问题研究:理论焦点与制度变迁

本文系统地分析了社会性管制的内涵,解释其理论焦点,梳理了以美国为代表的国外社会性管制制度的发展,考察了中国社会性管制制度的变迁,认为社会性管制的效果不仅事关百姓的民生问题,更是直接影响社会的稳定与和谐。     

由“灌输论”转向“说服论”——论列宁思想教育思想的变化

在建党初期,列宁主张过“灌输论”.经过“灌输论”争论,特别是社会实践的发展,列宁的思想教育思想由“灌输论”转变为“说服论”,这一思想转变对于我们坚持群众观点,更加有效地做好思想教育工作均有启示意义.     

10世纪日本庄园的转变

日本庄园自8世纪起,经过约二百年的发展,到了10世纪发生了广泛而深刻的变革:庄园化程度进一步加深;越来越多的庄园实现了不输不入化,庄园领主获得了对庄园土地及土地上的人的一元化支配权;也是在此时期,庄园的经营方式由原来的雇佣经营为主,经由"散田请作体制"发展成为"名田"经营.所有这些变革都显示了与初期庄园明显不同的特征,表明了体制完备的领主制庄园已经形成,并且成为10世纪以后日本庄园的主要形态.     

Regulation and the future of work: The employment relationship as an innovation facilitator

Digital transformation and the reorganization of the firm have given rise to new forms of work that diverge significantly from the standard employment relationship. Advocates of digital disruption suggest that the existing legal framework cannot accommodate “innovative” working templates and business models. This article, however, argues that labour regulation can continue to facilitate innovation, presenting the employment relationship as a flexible instrument, and standard forms of employment as the means of achieving efficiencies and cost advantages. First, they allow for the full exercise of managerial prerogative and attendant internal flexibility in workforce deployment, and, second, they constitute an effective device to deliver training and develop skills.     

National Politics,Neighborly Politics: How Trump’s Election Impacted a Black and White Detroit Community

Most research on right-wing populism has tried to explain the rise of populist movements and parties. While some have studied how neighborhood contexts and histories shape voting patterns, few have examined what happens locally after votes are cast. This article draws on three years of ethnographic research while the author lived in Brightmoor, a majority black, minority white poor depopulated Detroit neighborhood, to show how Trump’s politics shaped local expressions and experiences of racism. First, I show how white Trump supporters expressed distinct approaches to xenophobic ethnonationalism and racial politics. Trump’s surge empowered many to broadcast anti-immigrant sentiments, while they continued to put interactional and discursive work into not being seen as racist. Many also applied a “Trump lens” to local interactions and geographies and rendered minorities salient under Trump politics hypervisible. Second, I show how black residents equated xenophobic ethnonationalism with antiblack racism: seeing through pro-Trump whites’ attempts to separate these. Some also applied a new “Trump lens” to interactions and geographies, using the category of Trump voter and a sense of the voting map to anticipate and make sense of racist interactions. This article offers new insights into the local impacts of a national surge in right-wing populism.     

Myriad potential for mentoring: Understanding the process of transformational change through a gender equality intervention

This article contributes to understanding transformational change towards gender equality by examining the transformational change potential of a mentoring programme for women, a type of gender equality intervention both criticized and praised for its ability to bring about change. Drawing upon an empirical case study of a mentoring programme for women academics in a Dutch university, we explore three dimensions of transformational change: organizational members (i) discussing and reflecting upon gendered organizational norms and work practices; (ii) creating new narratives; and (iii) experimenting with new work practices. Our findings indicate five specific conditions that enable transformational change: cross‐mentoring, questioning what is taken for granted, repeating participation and individual stories, facilitating peer support networks and addressing and equipping all participants as change agents. We suggest that these conditions should be taken into account when (re)designing effective organizational gender equality interventions.     

Resolving complex community problems: Applying collective leadership and Kotter's change model to wicked problems within social system networks

How does collective leadership within social networks resolve chronic and complex problems common to communities? Unfortunately, sometimes it does not, but when it does, the outcome may be truly extraordinary. We use a case study approach to explain how one Midwest community within the USA applied collective leadership within a community network to reduce teen births. It took ten years of what many identified as provocative media campaigns and comprehensive sex education programs to reduce teen births by 65%, significantly exceeding the stated goal. Using Kotter's change model as a backdrop, powerful strategies and provocative creativity reveal courageous leadership within a social network of diverse people and organizations focused on improving the social well being of their community.     

Taking the longer view: Explaining Multicultural London English and Multicultural Paris French

The article explores the perplexing outcomes of comparative research projects in London and Paris on language change in multilingual areas of the cities populated by large numbers of recent immigrants with very diverse language backgrounds. In London, as in many other northern European cities, language contact on such a large scale has resulted in the emergence of a “multiethnolect”: a repertoire of innovative linguistic forms used by young people of all ethnicities, including monolingual non‐immigrant speakers. In Paris, however, there was no such repertoire. I propose four factors that are necessary for a multiethnolect to emerge and that explain why similar processes of population movement, immigration, and globalization have produced such different linguistic outcomes in London and Paris. These factors remind us that language evolution, like language use, is constrained not only by the social characteristics of individuals but also by the socio‐cultural historical contexts in which individuals live.