中国移民学生家长与ESL教师的冲突——兼谈中西方教育文化的对抗

作者曾以访问学者的身份在加拿大卡尔加里大学留学,其间接触了许多来自祖国大陆的移民,他们以及他们的孩子在接受由加拿大各级教育部门提供的ESL课程培训上碰到了许多困难.这些困难归根结底是由于中西方文化在教育观念上的不同所导致的.这些不同主要体现在中国移民学生家长与当地的ESL老师在对待教学过程、教学内容和教学方法上的不同认知所引起的.本文探讨了这些冲突,并试图分析引起这些冲突的原因.     

穆木天外国文学翻译与中国现代翻译文学

穆木天外国文学翻译对于认识中国现代翻译文学具有重要价值。穆木天与鲁迅有关“翻译”问题的论争,是“五四”以来不同翻译观的碰撞,是左翼文学多元构成的不同翻译观之间的碰撞,这有助于穆木天20世纪30年代翻译家身份的确立,他的巴尔扎克翻译和阐释是左翼文学的重要成果。穆木天的巴尔扎克译著迅速消失在读者视野中,需要结合中国现代翻译文学传统重新认识,但也可见有着他自身素质的限制,相比之下他的诗歌翻译更具有根基性,但却更多地受到来自他自身主导意识上的压抑。     

The management of managers: Disputing in an executive hierarchy

This paper focuses on the relationship between organizational rank and respectability and the way top managers handle their interpersonal grievances, conflicts, and disputes in an executive hierarchy. Formal grievance procedures are rarely used. Downward grievances (from a superior to a subordinate) are often settled unilaterally by the superior. Upward grievances are typically handled covertly by subordinates. Titular equals opt for a range of covert and confrontational tactics, many of which evolve into disputes and are settled by a common superior. Respectability within the executive ranks appears to enhance the ability of superiors to impose outcomes on grievances, conflicts, and disputes between and within subordinates, to decrease the hostility of upward grievances, and to decrease vulnerability of subordinates to sanctions by their superiors.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Annual Meeting of the Law and Society Association, Washington, DC, June 1987.     

企业内部冲突与企业劳资关系

随着社会主义市场经济的不断发展,企业特别是非公有制企业老板和高层管理者--资方代表和在本企业工作但没有任何投资的人即劳方之间的关系,出现了前所未有的现象,企业劳资双方的冲突经常发生,甚至出现了罢工!解决此类问题靠传统的做法显然不行.所以,该文着重探讨企业劳资关系的解决方法,并借鉴德国的经验,为现实问题的解决提供一个思路.     

中国网络域名与商标权冲突的争议解决机制

中国逐步建立起一套解决网络域名与商标权纠纷的机制,其中包括行政规制、司法救济、域名争议解决中心的裁决。行政规制作为早期解决网络域名与商标权冲突的机制,曾起到积极作用,但在权利救济上存在明显的瑕疵;而现行的争议解决机制———司法救济、域名争议解决中心的裁决在某些方面又存在冲突与矛盾。建议取消网络域名与商标权纠纷的行政规制,明确域名和商标权纠纷应由侵权行为地或被告住所地法院管辖,延长提交司法诉讼的缓冲时间。     

文化全球化:表述、想象与反思

文化全球化跨越了文化的边界,打破了文化表达方式的单一性,并日益成为诠释事物的文化场景。在这种场景之下,形成了趋同论、异质论与融合论三种不同的观点,它们就文化全球化的发展趋势及其影响展开争论。尽管在表达方式上存在差异,趋同论与异质论均带有文化西方化的含义,具有文化中心主义的色彩。而融合论超越了趋同论与异质论的矛盾之处,强调文化本土化的地位,认为文化在相遇之后可以相互借鉴。这种趋势代表着文化全球化的未来。     

山东省人口可持续发展面临的主要矛盾

人口是社会经济发展中不可或缺的重要因素。在不同的发展阶段,人口可持续发展面临不同的矛盾。经过20多年的人口控制,山东省人口出生水平正处在低生育率阶段,人口快速增长的势头基本得到控制。目前,山东省人口可持续发展面临的矛盾主要包括:在低生育率水平下仍然继续增长的庞大人总量与人均资源量下降的矛盾,劳动力资源丰富与人力资本贫乏的矛盾,低发展型老龄化与高社会成本的矛盾,就业人口结构型过剩与社会稳定协调发展的矛盾。合理、有效地解决这些矛盾,有利于人口、资源、环境与社会经济的协调发展。     

论构建和谐社会的国家职能观

国家的首要职能是控制社会冲突.但是,因为国家不是社会契约的结果,而是阶级斗争的结果,因此,国家不免成为在阶级斗争中获胜的统治阶级的工具.国家一旦成为为统治阶级谋利益的工具,又不免成为阶级斗争的根源.在阶级斗争的历史过程中,国家统治的阶级基础越来越宽广,社会和谐的要求越来越强烈.当国家成为整个社会的公共利益的真正代表时,原来意义的国家和政治也就消亡了,社会成为每个人都能实现自由发展的和谐的共同体.     

Predicting Spouses’ Perceptions of Their Parenting Alliance

This study used marital‐ and individual‐level variables to predict spouses’ perceived parenting alliance. One hundred married couples completed measures of parenting alliance, marital consensus, marital power, and depression. Analyses revealed that marital consensus was a significant predictor of parenting alliance for both parents, and that depression also was a significant predictor for wives. Analyses using both spouses’ data indicated that wives’ perceptions of consensus and depression significantly predicted both spouses’ parenting alliance, suggesting that wives are the barometer of the marital relationship ( Floyd & Markman, 1983 ) and of the parenting relationship as well. Implications for research are discussed.     

Stress Hormone Changes and Marital Conflict: Spouses’ Relative Power Makes a Difference

We investigated the impact of relative marital power on 72 newlywed couples’ endocrinological responses to marital conflict. Marital power was determined by comparing spouses’ reports of dependent love for one another. Less powerful spouses displayed elevated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) responses to a conflict discussion. Shared power appeared to have a beneficial effect on wives’ but not husbands’ ACTH responses. Spouses’ cortisol levels declined over time, except for wives who were less powerful and for husbands who shared power with their wives. Conflict behaviors did not differ as a function of this marital power index. These data suggest that relative levels of general emotional power in relationships may play an important role in spouses’ physiological responses to marital conflict.