Order relations among efficient decision rules

The paper introduces the concept of polar decision rules and establishes that majority rules are polar rules. We identify second best rules and penultimate rules in cases that majority rules are optimal or the most inferior, respectively. We especially specify the almost expert rule and the almost majority rule as the secondary rules of the expert and majority rules, respectively.     

完善罚金刑执行制度的几点建议

罚金刑作为我国刑法三种附加刑之一,在刑法体系中占有十分重要地位。但是,由于我国现行刑法典在罚金刑执行的规定上仍存有一些不尽人意之处,从客观上影响了罚金刑的实际运用。因此,笔者试图从理论上对我国当前罚金执行制度的现状及问题方面进行分析,并就此提出制定硬性的期限规定、取消罚金减免制、引进罚金易科制度等完善措施。     

妥善处理社会矛盾构建和谐社会

在社会主义市场经济条件下,要妥善处理好各阶层利益关系;化解社会矛盾;提倡以人为本、团结合作;坚持科学发展观。努力构建我国全面、协调、可持续发展的和谐社会。     

论中国现代知识分子题材小说的中心冲突

在中国古代文学中,由于受天人合一、物我为一等哲学观念和审美意识的影响,较少表现个人与社会的冲突。只有在"五四"新文化运动以后,新文学才形成了自己时代的中心冲突,即个人与社会的冲突。这种冲突只有在知识分子题材的小说中才得以整体显现,并形成了自己的表现形态和演变历程,其结果多以个人的失败而告终,其悲剧既是社会的悲剧,也是个人的悲剧、性格的悲剧。     

Economic Darwinism: Who has the Best Probabilities?

Simulation evidence obtained within a Bayesian model of price-setting in a betting market, where anonymous gamblers queue to bet against a risk-neutral bookmaker, suggests that a gambler who wants to maximize future profits should trade on the advice of the analyst cum probability forecaster who records the best probability score, rather than the highest trading profits, during the preceding observation period. In general, probability scoring rules, specifically the log score and better known “Brier” (quadratic) score, are found to have higher probability of ranking rival analysts in predetermined “correct” order than either (i) the more usual method of counting categorical forecast errors (misclassifications), or (ii) an economic measure of forecasting success, described here as the “Kelly score” and defined as the trading profits accumulated by making log optimal bets (i.e. Kelly betting) against the market maker based on the probability forecasts of the analyst being assessed. This runs counter to the conventional wisdom that financial forecasts are more aptly evaluated in terms of their financial consequences than by an abstract non-monetary measure of statistical accuracy such as the number of misclassifications or a probability score.      

竞技体育恶意犯规的认定及刑法规制 ——以FIBA篮球规则为切入点

我国竞技体育赛场中的恶意犯规频繁出现。从2010年至2019年中国篮协与中国足协作出的133个“违规违纪处罚决定书”可以看出,若抽离出竞技体育赛场,部分恶意犯规行为已完全符合故意伤害罪的构成要件,而行为人却并未承担刑事责任,这违背了刑法面前人人平等的原则,产生了错误的宣示效应,阻碍了我国体育事业的健康发展。刑法的缺位源于刑法理论的错误适用及竞技体育行业的过度自治。恶意犯规的本质为故意伤害,对恶意犯规的认定要在具体竞技体育项目的语境下进行。基于刑法的谦抑性与竞技体育的特殊性,刑法的介入应当以促进体育事业发展为宗旨,只有满足相应前提条件、时间条件、主体条件、限度条件和主观条件的竞技体育伤害行为才具有正当性。在《民法典》确立“自甘风险”原则、促进全民积极参与体育活动的背景下,建立事前预防、事中介入、事后处罚的长效机制才是惩治竞技体育恶意犯规的基本路径。     

关于冲突规范软化处理之探讨

冲突规范是国际私法三大组成部分之一。传统的冲突规范所采用的法律选择方法有许多不足之处,因此,也越来越受到人们的批判。国际上逐渐形成了对冲突规范进行软化处理的潮流。目前,我国国际私法立法和司法实践也顺应了这一潮流,以弥补冲突规范立法上之缺憾。同时,连结因素的软化对国际私法的其他制度也产生了深远的影响。     

The neoliberal mom: how a discursive coalition shapes low-income mothers’ labor market participation

Research has elucidated the conflict low-income mothers face when trying to comply with the imperatives of the neoliberalism and mothering discourses. Feminist scholars have argued that low-income mothers’ alternative conceptions of morality and behavior constitute an act of resistance to inferiorizing definitions embedded in these discourses. Drawing on this literature, I offer a new conceptualization of the seemingly contradictory discourses. Based on interviews with 48 low-income Israeli mothers, I suggest that the neoliberal ideology is not limited to the neoliberal discourse, which primarily measures the individual's commitment to the labor market, but rather has diffused into the mothering discourse, which sets the standards for good mothering. This diffusion constructs a discursive coalition of ‘neoliberal moms’, wherein the current hegemonic notion of good mothering and the neoliberal call for personal responsibility intersect and shape mothers’ perceptions and decision-making processes. Moreover, the neoliberal mom constructs an alternative morality: moral motherhood. Accordingly, the moral component of good mothering means taking personal responsibility to act in ways that promote one's children's future inclusion. I argue that the discursive coalition framework helps us to better understand mothers’ labor force entries and exits, and how these constitute a way of negotiating paths to social inclusion.     

武则天执政时期对儒学的吸收利用

武则天是中国历史上杰出的政治家,她在登上政治舞台之后,对传统的儒学思想进行了有效地吸收利用,具体表现在以下几个方面其一是正名分,取得登上皇位的合法身份。其二是制礼作乐,鼓吹君权神授。其三是自制《臣轨》,宣传儒家的忠君思想,不断强化武周的皇权统治。其四是重用具有儒家思想的文武大臣,使他们成为巩固政权的重要支柱。     

二孩对城镇青年平衡工作家庭的影响--基于中国妇女社会地位调查数据的实证分析

运用中国妇女社会地位调查数据和二分类Logistic回归分析方法,对“二孩”给城镇青年平衡工作家庭带来的影响进行研究。结果发现,孩子数量和孩子年龄对城镇青年平衡工作家庭具有显著影响。在公共托幼服务短缺情况下,生育二孩和有3岁以下孩子的城镇青年女性,家庭冲击工作的比例更高,性别差距更大,部分女性被迫中断工作。该发现对二孩政策的启示在于,增加公共托幼服务对于促进符合政策的城镇青年生育二孩、平衡工作家庭具有重要现实意义。