美国工业现代化进程的独特性研究

工业现代化标准与目的的一般性原则是世界统一的,同时各国依据本国环境和具体条件制定符合国情的工业现代化道路,即表现为工业现代化的多样化道路。文章通过回顾美国工业现代化历史进程,进一步阐述美国工业现代化道路的特征,并以此为中国工业化和工业现代化进程提供借鉴作用。     

中国企业家社会资本对企业多元化战略的影响

企业多元化战略的动机研究是当前多元化战略领域的关注点,西方学者倾向于从资源基础理论的角度出发去解释企业的多元化扩张行为。但是在中国特殊的制度背景下,企业家作为战略决策的制定者,其拥有的社会资本已成为影响企业资源的关键要素,将企业家社会资本纳入基于资源基础理论的多元化战略分析框架已成为现实的需要。经过理论和实证分析,可以看出企业家商业网络资源、支持网络资源和资源动员能力对企业实施相关多元化战略有促进作用,同时企业家商业网络资源和支持网络资源也利于企业实施无关多元化战略。因此,在企业多元化战略管理中,中国企业家应该学会从战略的角度审视商业关系资源,妥善处理好与政府的关系,同时不断加强自身的关系认知,正确认识关系网络能力。     

Agency conflict in diversified business groups and performance of affiliated firms in India: Contingent effect of external constraint and internal governance

This study examines how diversification in Indian business groups creates multiple forms of agency problems and has performance implications for group-affiliated firms. Departing from prior literature which emphasizes the principal–principal agency conflict in business groups, we argue that business group diversification leads to dual agency problems between controlling and minority shareholders (principal–principal) and shareholders and managers (principal–agent) in affiliated firms. Both these agency problems arise in diversified business groups through cross-subsidization of affiliated firms by inefficient capital investment, continuing presence of affiliated firms in declining industries, tunneling of resources from profitable affiliated firms, lack of attention by business group headquarters to affiliated firms, and affiliated firm managers' sense of perceived security, which negatively impacts affiliated firms’ performance. These agency issues are reduced with the increase in product market competition from exposure to international markets and through concentrated promoter ownership in the affiliated firms. Our hypothesized model finds empirical support in a sample of 828 business group–affiliated firms in India.     

R&D internationalization,product diversification and international performance for emerging market enterprises: An empirical study on Chinese enterprises

One motivation behind R&D internationalization for emerging market multinationals (EM MNEs) is to expand international markets. This paper analyzes whether the R&D internationalization of EM MNEs contributes to an improvement in international performance measured by foreign sales as a percentage of total sales (FSTS). Using panel data on China's listed companies, this paper introduces more scientific and normative indicators for measuring R&D internationalization in terms of geographic distribution (breadth) and overseas investment (depth). The results reveal an inverted U-shape relationship between R&D internationalization and international performance that is initially positive and eventually becomes negative. Product diversification has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between R&D internationalization breadth and international performance.     

美国高等教育经费来源对我国的启示

美国是当今世界上高等教育最发达的国家,充足的经费投入是其高等教育领先于世界的必要保障,这得益于其多元化、多渠道的经费投资体制。分析我国高等教育经费筹措方式,并与之进行比较,可以找出差异和问题所在,并在结合我国实际国情的基础上进行探讨,吸取经验,以进一步完善我国高等教育的经费投资体制。     

基于破坏性创新的多元化战略及其协同效应研究

基于破坏性创新的多元化战略可消除新市场中原有竞争者业已建立的顾客忠诚,有效避免企业在新市场中的竞争劣势。通过对传统多元化战略和基于破坏性创新的多元化战略的对比分析可见,两类多元化战略在实现协同效应方面存在较大差别。传统多元化战略的协同效应受新旧市场规模比例的影响,当多元化战略所进入的新市场规模相对于企业原有市场规模较大时,该多元化战略的协同效应较为明显。而基于破坏性创新的多元化战略则与新旧市场规模及产业相似性无关,均能取得显著的协同效应。     

含油饱和度恢复法定量评价砾岩油藏水淹层

由于储层非均质性严重,砾岩油藏具有岩性物性背景复杂以及油层电阻率变化幅度大等特点,其水淹层的定量评价已经成为油田二次调整开发的重点和难点。基于测井、取芯、测试等分析资料,应用油气运聚成藏理论,在储层品质因子研究的基础上,建立了砾岩油藏原始含油饱和度的计算模型。定义原始含油饱和度和目前含油饱和度的差值与原始含油饱和度的比值为储层的采出指数,表征注水开发以后到目前油藏状态下储层动态水淹的特征参数,与传统的产水率和含油饱和度两个水淹特征参数相比,其优势在于考虑了油层动态水淹的过程,消除了砾岩油藏本身因为电阻率变化幅度大且单一利用目前含油饱和度定量评价水淹层的缺点。将该法应用于克拉玛依油田砾岩油藏水淹层的评价中,对比研究了含油饱和度、产水率和采出指数3个参数对砾岩油藏的水淹敏感性。结果表明：采出指数敏感性最高,识别准确率达到89.58%,提高了砾岩油藏水淹层的识别精度,为克拉玛依油田井网调整和开发方案的设计提供了技术支持。     

体育舞蹈引入大学生艺术素质教育的可行性研究

迎合当前教育、艺术、科研领域关于大学生艺术素质发展重点研究的需求,以发展学生艺术素质的教育实践为目的,通过舞蹈与体育的结合;对体育舞蹈艺术素质研究的实际意义;以此判定体育舞蹈对艺术素质发展的影响效果,从而为高校体育舞蹈的良性健康开展、大学生艺术素质教育多样化发展提供可借鉴指导途径.     

满足生活需求的建筑功能多样化设计原则

针对单一、封闭的功能空间已不再能满足日益丰富的生活需求这一问题,本文通过对历史时期建筑功能概念的梳理以及相对应的设计手法的概括总结,分析"将建筑问题归结为设计问题"、"注重功能主义的建筑设计,忽略了使用者精神情感"等问题的思考。从生活美学的高度反思了建筑功能设计存在的问题,提出功能多样化设计目的是提升生活品质、改善空间体验;并进一步探讨具体的设计原则,最终落实到空间处理措施上,强调空间构成的多样化、空间布局的人性化、空间视觉的艺术化、空间体验的情感化和空间属性的自然化。     

Supply Diversification with Responsive Pricing

We study sourcing and pricing decisions of a firm with correlated suppliers and a price‐dependent demand. With two suppliers, the insight—cost is the order qualifier while reliability is the order winner—derived in the literature for the case of exogenously determined price and independent suppliers, continues to hold when the suppliers' capacities are correlated. Moreover, a firm orders only from one supplier if the effective purchase cost from him, which includes the imputed cost of his unreliability, is lower than the wholesale price charged by his rival. Otherwise, the firm orders from both. Furthermore, the firm's diversification decision does not depend on the correlation between the two suppliers' random capacities. However, its order quantities do depend on the capacity correlation, and, if the firm's objective function is unimodal, the total order quantity decreases as the capacity correlation increases in the sense of the supermodular order. With more than two suppliers, the insight no longer holds. That is, when ordering from two or more suppliers, one is the lowest‐cost supplier and the others are not selected on the basis of their costs. We conclude the paper by developing a solution algorithm for the firm's optimal diversification problem.