马克思技术创新思想再解读

通过对马克思著作文本的解读,可以看出,马克思不仅从可变资本和不变资本节约的角度对技术创新作了分类,而且从自然、经济、社会、人的广阔视野出发,全面审视了技术创新的功能,论证了技术创新是人类社会发展的原动力。马克思的技术创新思想进一步证明和发展了唯物史观的科学原理,深刻揭露了资本家剥削工人的秘密,奠定了科学社会主义理论的基础。     

休谟论习惯的本性与作用——基于感性情感分析

休谟哲学坚定地贯彻了经验原则与怀疑原则,最为显著的是他立足于习惯、情感、信念等人的自然本性来怀疑理性的权威,探求人的认识能力的限度。习惯在休谟的人性哲学中是一个尤为重要的概念,对于整个休谟认识论思想的构建起到了关键性作用。从休谟的著作中不难发现,习惯作为人的一种自然本性呈现出感性特性,并且在因果推断中发挥主导作用,从而使因果推断具有可然性而非绝对必然性,这就将感性情感推到了首要地位,凸显了一条感性经验推断路线。     

丰深1凝析气藏相态特征研究

丰深1凝析气藏是济阳拗陷古近系深层凝析气藏的首次发现。通过对地层流体组成分析、恒质膨胀和定容衰竭实验,及井下温度、压力连续测量,对丰深1凝析气藏相态特征进行了深入研究。结果表明,丰深1凝析气藏为高温、高压不饱和凝析气藏,无油环;地层流体中间烃、重烃含量高,凝析油含量为606g/m³,属高含凝析油的凝析气;该凝析气藏地露压差6.70MPa,衰竭式开采地层压力下降快,6mm气嘴生产时,生产初期近井地层压力就降到露点压力以下,出现反凝析现象,反凝析损失严重,重质组分采收率低,油气两相流动造成渗流阻力增加,使单井产能下降。相态研究为丰深1含油气砂砾岩体储量评估和开发方案编制提供了依据,对济阳拗陷同类型油气藏勘探开发具有指导意义。     

Additive Risk Model Using Piecewise Constant Hazard Function

We study a weighted least squares estimator for Aalen's additive risk model with right-censored survival data which allows for a very flexible handling of covariates. We divide the follow-up period into intervals and assume a constant hazard rate in each interval. The model is motivated as a piecewise approximation of a hazard function composed of three parts: arbitrary nonparametric functions for some covariate effects, smoothly varying functions for others, and known (or constant) functions for yet others. The proposed estimator is an extension of the grouped data version of the Huffer and McKeague (1991 Huffer , F. W. , McKeague , I. W. ( 1991 ). Weighted least squares estimation for Aalen's additive risk model . Journal of the American Statistical Association 86 : 114 – 129 .[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) estimator. For our model, since the number of parameters is finite (although large), conventional approaches (such as maximum likelihood) are easy to formulate and implement. The approach is illustrated by simulations, and is compared to the previous studies. The method is also applied to the Framingham study data.     

Calibrated path sampling and stepwise bridge sampling

A computational problem in many fields is to evaluate multiple integrals and expectations simultaneously. Consider probability distributions with unnormalized density functions indexed by parameters on a 2-dimensional grid, and assume that samples are simulated from distributions on a subgrid. Examples of such unnormalized density functions include the observed-data likelihoods in the presence of missing data and the prior times the likelihood in Bayesian inference. There are various methods using a single sample only or multiple samples jointly to compute each integral. Path sampling seems a compromise, using samples along a 1-dimensional path to compute each integral. However, different choices of the path lead to different estimators, which should ideally be identical. We propose calibrated estimators by the method of control variates to exploit such constraints for variance reduction. We also propose biquadratic interpolation to approximate integrals with parameters outside the subgrid, consistently with the calibrated estimators on the subgrid. These methods can be extended to compute differences of expectations through an auxiliary identity for path sampling. Furthermore, we develop stepwise bridge-sampling methods in parallel but complementary to path sampling. In three simulation studies, the proposed methods lead to substantially reduced mean squared errors compared with existing methods.     

我国农村地方病型贫困的思考——以贵州省地方病氟中毒为例

农村地方病型贫困是农村居民致贫的一大根源,分析农村地方病型贫困的成因、危害,可提出相应的扶贫对策,以缓解贫困压力.     

含氮氟化非晶碳(a-C∶F∶N)薄膜电学性能的研究

用射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积(RF-PECVD)法制备氮掺杂氟化非晶碳(a-C∶F)薄膜,用电桥测试薄膜的介电常数,研究不同工艺参量对薄膜电学性能的影响.结果表明:掺杂氮、高射频功率、高沉积温度以及热退火都导致薄膜介电常数上升.     

四元交互体系Li，K／Cl，SO_4—H_2O50℃，75℃相关系研究

用恒温方法研究了四元交互体系Ｌｉ，Ｋ／Ｃｌ，ＳＯ４—Ｈ２Ｏ５０℃，７５℃的平衡溶解度．该系统（５０℃，７５℃）的相图是由六条单变量线组成，且有五个结晶区，三个单变点．其中的一点是一致性单变点，其余的点是非一致性单变点．采用混合电解质溶液理论Ｐｉｔｚｅｒ模型，用所测得的该系统的溶解度数据可获得Ｐｉｔｚｅｒ参数．测定了该体系（２５℃）的溶解度、平衡溶液的密度、折光率；平衡固相的溶度积、蒸汽压．计算结果与实测结果一致．     

宇宙在永恒地前进地循环着

本文从广义相对论理论出发,论述了宇宙演化的基本规律;指出了有限宇宙循环的前进性和无限宇宙循环的同一性。     

确定颗粒状物料实际干燥曲线的通用方法

本文提出了利用颗粒状物料的恒定干燥曲线求取实际干燥曲线的通用方法．作者以酚醛树脂为例，通过实验研究建立了恒定干燥过程的经验方程，并扰此确定实际干燥曲线，用于干燥工艺的改进及装置的优化设计．