The covariance of the backward and forward recurrence times in a renewal process: the stationary case and asymptotics for the ordinary case

In a Poisson process, it is well-known that the forward and backward recurrence times at a given time point t are independent random variables. In a renewal process, although the joint distribution of these quantities is known (asymptotically), it seems that very few results regarding their covariance function exist. In the present paper, we study this covariance and, in particular, we state both necessary and sufficient conditions for it to be positive, zero or negative in terms of reliability classifications and the coefficient of variation of the underlying inter-renewal and the associated equilibrium distribution. Our results apply either for an ordinary renewal process in the steady state or for a stationary process.     

Education,cognitive ability,and cause-specific mortality: A structural approach

Education is negatively associated with most major causes of death. Prior work ignores the premise that cause-specific hazards are interdependent and that both education and mortality depend on cognitive ability. We analyse Swedish men aged 18–63, focusing on months lost due to specific causes—which solves the interdependence problem—and use a structural model that accounts for confounding due to cognitive ability. In a standard Cox model controlling for Intelligence Quotient, improving education is associated with large decreases in mortality for major causes of death. In the structural model, improving education is associated with a small decrease in months lost for most causes and education levels. Among the least educated, however, improving education strongly reduces the months lost, mainly those lost from external causes, such as accidents and suicide. Results suggest that conventional analysis of education and mortality may be biased, even if accounting for observed cognition.     

Level of choice in older women’s decisions to retire or continue working and associated well-being

Retirement is a complex life transition. Women’s retirement, like their work lives, may be further complicated, for example, by family or financial obligations; they may feel forced to retire or to continue working or feel they have the choice to do so. This study examines the role of voluntary versus involuntary retirement or continued work participation among retirement-age women; specifically, the relationships between choice, work status, and well-being. Compared to women forced to retire, women who chose retirement or continuing to work had higher levels of life satisfaction. Findings highlight the importance of examining retirement within the life course context.     

贵德三屯民间文化调查报告

调查报告以实地考察为依据,结合文献资料、历史遗迹,对贵德三屯的历史、民间信仰、风俗民情及地域文化特点等进行了较为系统的考述,并对其成因作了初步分析,由此勾勒出“贵德三屯”文化的形成、传承和变迁的历史轮廓。     

围绕中心服务大局体现特色推进广西北部湾经济区发展

民主党派参与北部湾经济区开放开发不仅非常重要,而且具有很强的优势,民主党派应从围绕中心、服务大局、体现特色方面积极发挥作用。     

战略成本管理方法体系探索

战略成本管理的思想是成本管理与战略管理有机结合的产物,是传统成本管理系统对竞争环境变化所做出的一种适应性变革,是当代成本管理发展的必然趋势。战略成本管理方法可以分为基本方法和具体方法,这些方法还可进行整合。     

略论北部湾经济区海洋生物资源开发与保护

目前,北部湾经济区海洋生物资源的开发与保护存在产业结构层次低、破坏严重、污染加剧、管理混乱、法律法规执行效果欠佳、生态环境保护认识与行为相悖等诸多问题,为此应充分发挥政府的引导作用,建立、完善利益协调机制和工作运行机制,加强海洋生态环境教育和宣传,加强对海岸带的综合治理力度,确立大产业制观念,建立和完善信息服务系统。     

以科学发展观为统领促进县域经济社会发展——以横县为例

以科学发展观指导县域经济社会发展,具有重要的战略意义。横县要发展成为广西强县,就必须从践行科学发展的角度出发,培育特色产业,积极融入广西北部湾经济区开放开发建设,大力拓展横县对外开放发展空间,促进社会全面进步和人的全面发展。     

从和平到和谐:中国外交理念的历史性飞跃

建国以来,我国的外交理念经历了从和平到和谐的飞跃。从建国后到20世纪90年代初的"独立自主、不结盟"、"和平共处、不称霸"、"建立国际新秩序",到90年代中期以来过渡到和谐,实现了质的飞跃。和谐理念是对和平理念的继承和深化,体现了中国外交的成熟与自信,是我国应对国际各种怀疑甚至敌对思潮的回应。     

略论宗教在社会主义和谐社会建设中的积极作用

构建社会主义和谐社会是一项浩繁的事业,需要社会各界共同奋斗。宗教教义中蕴涵许多有关和谐的思想资源,我们应积极挖掘这些资源,采取多种方式和途径,动员信教群众努力为建设社会主义和谐社会做出贡献。