The disability self‐direction movement: Considering the benefits and challenges for an Australian response

The following article provides a snapshot of the current self‐direction movement within the disability sector across the industrialised world, with particular emphasis on the Australian context. As a global movement, self‐direction has been in progress for several decades through a variety of implemented responses. Despite implementation variation, all self‐direction models aim to facilitate individual control and decision making in care and support services. We describe self‐direction, its various models and programs, and explore its benefits and challenges. We conclude by making broad recommendations for decision makers involved in self‐direction. In particular, we offer a hierarchical decision tree that can be used to inform policy decisions at a systems – government policy – and organisational level.     

消费者废旧品回收行为研究现状及展望

随着人们环保意识的不断增强，废旧品回收再利用问题13益受到重视，而消费者废旧品回收行为是决定废旧品回收效率的关键因素之一，它已逐渐成为学术界的关注热点。目前取得的研究成果可以概括为三个方面：消费者废旧品回收行为影响因素、消费者废旧品回收行为分析方法和基于消费者废旧品回收行为研究分析提高废旧品回收率。消费者废旧品回收行为影响因素包括激励因素、承诺因素和人口统计特征因素，而分析方法又有TRA分析方法、TPB分析方法和扩展TPB分析方法，基于以上分析，研究者提出了多种分析模型以提高废旧品回收率。为提高研究成果的现实针对性，应进一步扩大调查样本，定量研究影响因素与实际回收行为的关联性，且娶结合我国消静者的实际情况展开研究。     

Consumer Direction in Community-Based Long-Term Care

Abstract

Recently, a growing number of community-based long term care programs have been incorporating a concept of consumer direction (CD). Consumer Direction allows long-term care consumers to take more active roles in their care management, by hiring, training, supervising, and firing care providers. A limited number of existing studies show that CD consumers indeed feel they have more choice and control over their care compared to those under the traditional model. However, other studies show problematic working conditions for care providers under CD. Questions also remain unanswered regarding how CD effects different important stakeholders, including family caregivers, formal paid caregivers, and governments. More research, administrative, and practice efforts are needed to ensure CD can benefit all sectors of communities.     

Quality of Life and Well-Being of Single Parent Families:

This discussion brings together the multiple factors that impact single parent families and effect their overall quality of life and well-being. Influential variables were identified and organized at three levels-institutional, interpersonal, and individual. A model was devel- oped that included the most salient determinants of single parent family well-being. These included cultural norms and values, health of family members, social and demographic factors, individual per- sonal characteristics, social support networks, and social institutions such as the law, the economy, the polity (represented in the formation of public policy) and education. Variables associated with the noncus- todial (nonresidential) parent also were identified as affecting the quality of life of single parent family members. In combination these factors help establish, maintain, and change the environment within which single parents raise their families.     

Expenditure Differences of University Degree Holders Across Occupational Sectors in Malaysia

This study was motivated by the key role university degree holders play in Malaysia's vision for the future and by concerns expressed about the drift of university degree holders from one sector to another. A questionnaire was mailed to a sample of 400 Malaysian families that had at least one member who held a university degree. The objective was to elicit details of the household economic situation of respondents, with special reference to the differences in expenditure patterns between families whose degree holder worked in higher education, government, or the private sector.Results of tobit analysis of expenditures show that there are some differences between the sectors regarding expenditure patterns, but the differences are not as great as expected. Nevertheless, university-educated persons in the private sector seem to have somewhat different expenditure patterns than their counterparts in other sectors.     

“消费社会”的解读路径:马克思的视角及其意义——从西方马克思主义消费社会观的方法论缺陷谈起

鲍德里亚等西方马克思主义社会学家在建构其消费社会批判理论时,只把消费社会当作一个客观的事实来看待,在方法论上拘泥于非历史性的社会学方法,无法进入马克思意义上的历史唯物主义的方法论视域。这直接导致了他们不能准确地把握批判和超越消费社会的路径。马克思在《巴黎手稿》时期由于撇开了对生产过程的正面分析而直接进入到对财富分配领域的批判性研究,因而还不具备历史地分析消费过程的思想基础。在《德意志意识形态》中,马克思界定了生产过程对消费过程的决定性,但对消费过程本身有可能产生的社会效应还没有引起足够的重视。经过19世纪50年代初期的思想过渡,马克思在《1857—1858年经济学手稿》和《1861—1863年经济学手稿》中,不仅从资本统治模式的复杂性的角度,深刻地指出了消费过程对整个社会经济形态的重要性,而且最终还从资本主义生产过程的发展性的角度,阐释了由消费过程所滋生的观念拜物教的消解路径。     

数字参考咨询及其技术实现

梳理了数字参考咨询服务的概念、特点与类型,分析了数字参考咨询服务的起源与发展历程,并就目前数字参考咨询服务中的主要实现技术RSS、知识地图、网络计量、自动分类技术和网络知识挖掘等进行了总结和介绍.     

Criteria families use to select nursing homes

The study is conducted to determine families' rankings of characteristics they consider most important when selecting a nursing home. Friedman's two-way analysis of variance is used to test for differences in the rankings. In response to a mailed survey, 231 families rank the characteristics in the following order: quality of care, appearance, atmosphere, location, reputation, building safety, quality of food, cost, and activities. Relationships are also found between the rankings and the demographic characteristics: gender, marital status, education, income, number of homes available, patient/respondent relationship, and distance respondent lived from the chosen home.     

电子商务消费者不满意因素分析

目前衡量电子商务水平大多采用定性分析的方法,主要从网络设施的完善和法律的健全等宏观角度考察各个国家的电子商务,往往忽视了网络消费者对于促进电子商务发展所起的作用。从消费者对于网上购物的不满意因素这一角度入手,运用因子分析的方法,得出了世界26个较发达国家和地区的电子商务发展水平排名,打破了以往仅基于网络硬环境的排名方式。提出了网络基础设施的完善和发达,仅仅只是为电子商务提供了发展的硬环境,并不能代表网络消费者的满意水平;随着全球信息产业市场逐步进入成熟期,硬件市场增长逐步趋缓,技术与产品的利润空间减小;而软件和服务市场将出现快速成长,服务产业将成为全球电子商务发展的新的利润增长点。     

从形式正义到实质正义：消费者合同法功能的法哲学分析

消费者合同法是社会经济发展的产物,其性质与功能渊源于消费者合同的历史演进.消费者合同法的功能在于平衡消费者与生产经营者之间的利益分配,协调两者悬殊的实力差距,促成合同法的平等与自由原则由形式正义向实质正义的转变,并推进社会经济的良性发展.我国合同法应明确规定消费者合同,并尽快制定消费者合同法.