日本生协的现状、特点以及对我国消费合作事业的启示

日本生协（日本生活协同组合的简称）是以家庭妇女为主体的消费者自治组织。民主管理和组合员的积极参与提高了成员的凝聚力,并发展了以班组织为中心的共同购买和个人配送等业务。生协的优质服务得到了众多消费者的支持,其组合员人数和户加入率在持续增长,适应消费者生活方式变化的无店铺事业也取得了巨大的成功。借鉴日本生协的发展经验,我国应积极引导居民成立消费合作社,开展社区内的团购业务和家庭配送业务,以解决日益严重的食品安全问题。     

Nonparametric Engel Curves and Revealed Preference

This paper applies revealed preference theory to the nonparametric statistical analysis of consumer demand. Knowledge of expansion paths is shown to improve the power of nonparametric tests of revealed preference. The tightest bounds on indifference surfaces and welfare measures are derived using an algorithm for which revealed preference conditions are shown to guarantee convergence. Nonparametric Engel curves are used to estimate expansion paths and provide a stochastic structure within which to examine the consistency of household level data and revealed preference theory. An application is made to a long time series of repeated cross–sections from the Family Expenditure Survey for Britain. The consistency of these data with revealed preference theory is examined. For periods of consistency with revealed preference, tight bounds are placed on true cost of living indices.     

消费纠纷仲裁制度的独特价值与立法完善

《消费者权益保护法》对于消费纠纷仲裁制度仅仅做出了宣示性的规定,具体制度的设计仍然有待完善。对消费纠纷仲裁制度的独特价值进行了明晰,对域外消费纠纷仲裁制度的立法、实践状况进行了考察,对我国消费纠纷仲裁制度的立法、实践状况进行了评析。建议从坚持机构的中立性、坚持自愿性、坚持便捷性以及坚持低费性等角度来完善我国消费纠纷仲裁制度的现行法律规范。     

Disruptions,adjustments and hopes: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on child well-being in five Majority World Countries

Drawing on integrated data from focus groups and diary entries, we explored the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on child well-being for children from five Majority World Countries. We focus on the disruptions the pandemic caused, the adjustments made in response to these, and children's vision of a post-pandemic world. Underlying children's experiences of loss, boredom and concerns about educational progress, was an awareness of systemic inequalities that disadvantaged them or others in their community. Findings have implications on capturing children's voices through introspective and dialogical approaches that transcend cultures and for the development of preventive and responsive interventions during crises.     

自产自用应税消费品业务中的流转税会计问题

自产应税消费品用于连续生产应税消费品的,不纳消费税和增值税。用于其他方面的,于移送使用时缴纳税消费税,符合“视同销售货物”情形的还应缴纳增值税;且增值税、消费税的计税依据中均应包含消费税,但不含增值税。     

供应链系统视角下消费者环境意识的社会分配效应研究

消费者环境意识既会促进环境保护,又会改变消费行为、市场需求、消费者福利和企业利润等的分配。然而,消费者环境意识的分配效应是环境保护、消费行为和社会分配三者的结合部,在现有研究中鲜有涉及。对此,从供应链系统视角建立博弈模型,求解供应链定价和生态技术投资决策,分析消费者环境意识逐级传导引起的连锁反应,研究消费者环境意识如何改变社会分配格局。研究发现：首先,消费者环境意识会提高市场价格和企业利润,但是会降低消费者福利;其次,消费者环境意识会提高企业的分配地位,其中对零售企业的提高程度更大,但是会降低消费者的分配地位;最后,消费者环境意识越强,企业分配地位的提高程度和消费者福利的下降程度就越大。本研究丰富了对消费者环境意识多种作用的认识,有利于合理权衡环保、经济和分配等制定科学合理的发展政策。     

Aggregation and Market Demand: An Exterior Differential Calculus Viewpoint

We analyze under which conditions a given vector field can be disaggregated as a linear combination of gradients. This problem is typical of aggregation theory, as illustrated by the literature on the characterization of aggregate market demand and excess demand. We argue that exterior differential calculus provides very useful tools to address these problems. In particular, we show, using these techniques, that any analytic mapping in Rⁿ satisfying Walras Law can be locally decomposed as the sum of n individual, utility-maximizing market demand functions. In addition, we show that the result holds for arbitrary (price-dependent) income distributions, and that the decomposition can be chosen such that it varies continuously with the mapping. Finally, when income distribution can be freely chosen, then decomposition requires only n/2 agents.     

消费者信心指数与消费需求关系研究——以南京市居民消费需求为例

传统消费理论主要是注重对消费者收入与消费支出的关系研究,而新的西方消费者信心指数理论指出,消费者信心指数对消费支出有重要影响,特别是在当前国内消费需求增长缓慢的情况下,如何提高居民消费信心对刺激居民消费支出的增长有着重要的现实意义。运用计量经济模型,并结合南京市居民消费支出增长与消费者信心指数的数量关系,通过实证研究印证了两者间存在紧密相关性,从而建立南京市居民消费函数的主观因素拓展模型,并进而提出提高居民消费需求的政策建议,即在注重对影响消费的客观因素——收入的研究外,还要注重对影响消费的主观因素——消费者信心指数的研究。     

农村居民消费融资需求及影响因素分析——以陕西省渭南市为例

基于渭南市2 636户农户问卷调查数据,从农户分化与演变视觉分析农村居民消费融资需求状况。采用概率模型分析了影响农户融资消费的主要因素是收支的＂非均衡性＂、户主个性、消费环境、城乡融合程度和存贷款利率水平高低。建议调整国民收入分配结构,完善农村基本社会保障体系,推进农村居民生产生活集聚,构建以农户需求为导向的农村金融体系。     

‘In a bind’: Foster mothers' experiences with welfare reform

The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 has diminished government support to single mothers and further limits the options for full-time parenting, placing priority on work participation and reduction of welfare caseloads. Based upon interviews with 100 low-income foster mothers who are also Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) recipients, this study examines their experiences with these policies while they balance multiple responsibilities as caregivers for abused and neglected children from the child welfare system. The implications of TANF policies for foster mothers and policy alternatives that support diverse family structures are also discussed.