农户对农业技术采用行为的机理研究

农业技术的推广与运用效果不仅取决于农业技术自身的先进性程度,而且有赖于农业技术的终端采用者对农业技术的认知与行为响应状况。在假定农户对农业技术的预期利润最大化作为行为决策的基础上,分析了预期利润最大化的形成原理及其与农业技术采用决策之间的相互作用机理,探究了农户对农业技术行为决策的差异化路径,并从农户的风险偏好、农业技术制度、农户基本特征因素、资源禀赋要素以及农户心理因素等方面深入考察了农户对农业技术的行为响应机理,构建起农户对农业技术采用行为的分析框架;从而不仅有利于掌握农户对农业技术的行为决策机理,而且对于摸清农业技术推广与运用的基本规律、提高农业技术推广与扩散的效果都具有积极的理论参考价值。     

Peer relationships during late childhood in internationally adopted and institutionalized children

The aim of this study was to analyse the interpersonal relationships in the school context of children living in different care settings (adoptive families, residential care centres, birth families). Participants were 76 children between eight and fourteen years of age (M = 10.78, SD = 1.38), belonging to one of three groups: international adoptees, children living in residential care in Spanish institutions, and a comparison sample of Spanish children living with their birth families with no connection with child protection. Sociometric information was collected in the classroom of each child during school hours. Internationally adopted children from Russia showed considerable difficulties in their relationships with peers; they were more likely to be rejected and their peers described them as less prosocial and somewhat more aggressive. With a better sociometric position than the adoptees, children in residential care were rated by their peers as more aggressive and less prosocial than the normative population. Coordination and integrated work between the family, protection centres, schools, and other social services should be a strategic priority in the promotion of healthy social development in these groups of children.     

Adoption and permanence planning in Scotland: Impact of the Adoption and Children (Scotland) Act 2007 on key processes and timescales

Adoption and permanence planning has been a key feature of Scotland's policy in relation to children and young people who are “looked after.” Although policy and law has significantly developed in recent years, there has been comparatively little research on permanence processes in Scotland. This paper outlines key findings from the first comprehensive study of permanence planning in Scotland. It examines the process for two cohorts of children where adoption or other types of permanence orders were made. The children were selected under the long standing Adoption (Scotland) Act 1978 and the more recent Adoption and Children (Scotland) Act 2007. In total, 300 cases were examined, analysing data from the children's first contact with services through to the order made by the Scottish Courts. This paper pays particular attention to the timescales found at key stages under the two sets of legislation and asks what difference the change in legislation has made.     

Girl adoption in China—A less-known side of son preference

In 1987, 4 per cent of girls were adopted within China. Why? Unlike infanticide, abandonment rids parents of daughters while preserving the supply of potential brides. In fact, an erstwhile tradition common in Fujian and Jiangxi provinces had parents of sons adopting an infant girl to serve as a future daughter-in-law and household help. Analysing a nationally representative 1992 survey of children, we found that: (1) girl adoptions were concentrated in the above-mentioned provinces; (2) girls were predominantly adopted by families with sons; (3) adopted girls faced substantial disadvantage as measured by school attendance at ages 8–13. In the 1990s, as the sex ratio at birth climbed, were girls aborted rather than abandoned? Observing that in the 2000 census too many girls appear in families with older sons, we estimated that at least 1/25 girls were abandoned in the 1990s, a proportion that in Fujian and Jiangxi may have peaked at 1/10 in 1994.     

Contested attachments: rethinking adoptive kinship in the era of open adoption

Since its legal inception in 1926, adoption work has been centrally concerned with the matter of the adopted child's ‘first’ or prior life, whilst also focussed on achieving a new and secure substitute family for that child. Adoptive kinship has been formed through this dual and contradictory concern, a concern that has produced diverse policies and practices over the last 90 years. Drawing on Foucault's concept of technologies of the subject, this paper is an exploration of adoptive kinship within the new context of open adoption, a set of practices that more actively promotes the involvements of the adopted child's former family. These practices both promote a radical reworking of adoptive kinship, as well as confirming its more orthodox moorings. Drawing on an adoption archive study, the paper concludes with an analysis of letterbox contact to explore how far this form of open practice transforms adoptive kinship in the contemporary era.     

Children forever: The search for origins among Chilean adults who were adopted

There has been a global increase in the number of adults who were adopted 1 1 To make the text more readable, we use the term “adult adoptee” rather than our preferred term “people who were adopted.” We prefer the latter term because it does captures our understanding that adoption is a practice and a life experience and not necessarily a permanent fixture of the identities of people who were adopted.
searching for their origins. This trend has promoted the interest of social sciences researchers, as well as carry out the obligations of states to provide specialized services. In this article, we present some results from the first qualitative study that explores the experiences of some Chilean adults who were adopted and searched for their origins in Chile through the National Service of Minor's Search for Origins Program. The narratives of the participants show that, in spite of legislative changes, a series of barriers and contradictions continue to exist, which make it difficult to guarantee the right to know one's origins. The legal and technical frameworks and practices analysed show how difficult it is to dismantle the “clean break” principle. They also highlight the persistence of the image of adoptees as “minors” who need the “protection” of their parents or professionals. We discuss the different challenges to be considered by researchers, practitioners, and policy‐makers involved in adoption policies and practices.     

农民互联网应用采纳决策及应用强度影响因素研究——基于北京郊区712名农民的调查数据

信息化基础设施的快速推进并没有缩小城乡互联网应用差距,研究影响农民互联网应用采纳的因素,对于制定有效的农村“互联网+”推进策略具有重要意义。以北京郊区712名农民的调查数据为依据,采用Logit模型和泊松模型,对农民使用互联网应用的需求意愿和采纳强度的影响因素进行了分析。结果表明,受教育程度、转移就业状况、对互联网应用的认知感受对农民采纳决策和采纳强度有显著正向作用;非农就业收入和经营收入对采纳强度影响显著,但对采纳决策没有显著影响;以往的信息化推广措施对农民采纳决策和采纳强度作用有限。为此,应针对农民需求开发实用、易用的互联网应用,加强使用技能培训,让农民从“互联网＋农业”中获益。     

新能源汽车补贴政策与保有量影响研究:单位补贴、销售奖励与产品差异化

以提升新能源汽车市场保有量和整体质量的补贴政策为背景,建立包括政府、制造商、零售商和消费者在内的动态博弈模型,将产业数量目标、高质量发展目标及补贴预算约束等政策特征纳入模型,对单位补贴、销售奖励以及差异化单位补贴政策的影响进行理论研究发现：在确保政府补贴绩效为正的条件下,政府对制造商和消费者的单位补贴可增加新能源汽车的 市场需求量,并提高制造商和零售商的利润水平;叠加的销售奖励不仅可改善单位补贴的市场结果,还可提高政府补贴绩效.考虑汽车质量的差异化单位补贴在不降低市场需求总量的同时,可减少低质量车的需求量并增加高质量车的需求量.单位补贴的最优值主要由政府设定的数量目标和制造商单位成本决定,数量目标和单位成本越高,则单位补贴越高,但政府补贴绩效越低.     

Electricity consumption changes following solar adoption: Testing for a solar rebound

We use household-level data to explore residential electricity use patterns following installation of solar panels. Solar adoption leads to an increase in total electricity consumption relative to a matched non-adopting control group. Our point estimate translates to a rebound effect of 28.5%, suggesting that nearly a third of the electricity produced by a customer's solar panels is used for increased energy services, rather than reduced grid electricity consumption. We explore several potential drivers of an increase in electricity consumption. These results have important implications for electricity planning and policy, suggesting that rooftop solar stimulates additional demand for electricity.     

企业技术创新采纳的内生动力与行为研究

企业技术创新采纳行为是企业内部行为个体、行为群体、行为组织层面的技术创新采纳需求得到强烈激发后,由技术创新采纳动机转化而成,其行为源于企业内部和外部的一系列不同动机相互作用的结果。其中内生动力则是促使企业做出采纳决策的主要驱动力,主要包括企业对技术创新利润最大化的追求、企业技术创新主体的创新精神等。企业技术创新采纳动机又是在创新需要基础上产生的,而且需要并不必然产生动机。因此,技术创新采纳动机与行为之间的关系是不完全确定的对应关系。