Electricity consumption and economic growth in Nigeria: Evidence from cointegration and co-feature analysis

The paper investigates the causality relationship between energy consumption and economic growth for Nigeria during the period 1980–2006. The results of our estimation show that real gross domestic product (rGDP) and electricity consumption (ele) are cointegrated and there is only unidirectional Granger causality running from electricity consumption (ele) to (rGDP). Then we applied Hodrick–Prescott (HP) filter to decompose the trend and the fluctuation components of the rGDP and electricity consumption (ele) series. The estimation results show that there is cointegration between the trend and the cyclical components of the two series, which seems to suggest that the Granger causality is possibly related with the business cycle. The paper suggests that investing more and reducing inefficiency in the supply and use of electricity can further stimulate economic growth in Nigeria. The results should, however, be interpreted with caution because of the possibility of loss in power associated with the small sample size and the danger of omitted variable bias that could result from the use of bi-variate analysis.     

Efficacy of Risk-Based, Culturally Sensitive Ogaa (Walleye) Consumption Advice for Anishinaabe Tribal Members in the Great Lakes Region

The Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission (GLIFWC) has produced Ogaa (walleye— Sander vitreus ) consumption advisories since 1996 for Anishinaabe from GLIFWC member tribes in the 1837 and 1842 ceded territories of Wisconsin. GLIFWC's advisory maps were revised in 2005 to address cultural sensitivities (to protect tribal lifeways), to utilize recent mercury exposure information, and to incorporate changes in advisory levels for methyl mercury. Lake-specific, risk-based, culturally sensitive consumption advice was provided on color-coded maps for two groups: children under age 15 years and females of childbearing age, and males 15 years and older and females beyond childbearing age. The maps were distributed to, and a behavioral intervention program developed for, the six GLIFWC member tribes in Wisconsin as well as member tribes in Minnesota and the 1842 ceded territory of Michigan. Tribal fish harvesters, tribal health care providers, women of childbearing age or with young children, tribal leaders, elders, and children were targeted specifically for the behavioral intervention. The efficacy of the behavioral intervention was assessed using surveys of 275 tribal fish harvesters from Wisconsin, 139 tribal harvesters from Michigan and Minnesota, and 156 Wisconsin women of childbearing age. Significant increases in the percentage of survey participants who indicated awareness of advisory maps occurred among Wisconsin harvesters (increase from 60% to 77%), Michigan and Minnesota harvesters (29% to 51%), and women of childbearing age in Wisconsin (40% to 87%). A significant increase in preference for smaller Ogaa occurred among tribal harvesters in Wisconsin (41% to 72%) and tribal harvesters in Michigan and Minnesota (49% to 71%), although not among women of childbearing age. The GLIFWC map-based advisory program did not adversely affect tribal harvest of Ogaa, which increased from 63,000 to 88,000 fish in the three states after the intervention.     

基于生态文明观的中西消费文化比较与建设启示

生态文明关系到人类社会发展与资源环境的可持续发展,也是近年国家政策和攸关民生的焦点。从生态文明观的视角来分析中西消费文化的不同,目的就是要通过分析中西方消费思想的保守性和开放性、消费情智的感性与理性、消费对象的物质性与精神性和消费理念的对立性与统一性的区别,对我国的消费文化提出落实顶层设计、加强政府监管、重构企业文化、加强公众生态教育等方面的建设性意见。     

利率下降对我国居民跨期消费选择的影响分析

利率下降对居民跨期消费选择影响存在收入效应和替代效应.由于这两种效应对居民当期消费的作用方向完全相反,因而总效应要取决于这两种效应的强弱.对于我国中低收入居民来说,利率下降对其跨期消费选择的收入效应特别明显,替代效应则趋于零,因而降患反而会减少其当期消费数量.对于我国中高收入居民来说,利率下降对其跨期消费选择的替代效应在很大程度上被收入效应所抵消了,因而降息拉动其当期消费也不明显.为了刺激居民消费,除了实施降息政策以外,还必须采取其他政策与之配合.     

从普遍经济到普遍历史——论巴塔耶普遍经济学视野中的世界历史形态

巴塔耶一直试图从自己的普遍经济学的理论出发,建构出一套世界的普遍历史.本文首先对巴塔耶普遍经济学的含义和法则进行了解读,然后对其在此背景下所描述的各种社会形态进行了分析,从而概括了他所建立的普遍历史的形态.     

论德莱塞《嘉莉妹妹》中的哲学沉思

德莱塞之重要性在于:他通过对社会犀利的观察、深切的体会,率先在其作品<嘉莉妹妹>中真实记录了时代跳动的脉搏,展示出美国社会转型时期大众社会价值观的分裂性变化.德莱塞的<嘉莉妹妹>不仅是作家对机械论哲学观的演绎与证明,同时也渗透出作家浪漫主义的理想主义者的一面以及他对新兴消费意识形态的矛盾态度,从而构成他复杂的人生哲学与潜在的动态创作观,而这些主要应归因于他对生命意义的深沉的追求与探寻.     

An Exposure Assessment of Methyl Mercury via Fish Consumption for the Japanese Population

The objective of this article was to propose an exposure assessment model to describe the relationship between fish consumption and body methyl mercury (MeHg) levels in the Japanese population. Individual MeHg intake was estimated by the summation of species-specific fish consumption multiplied by species-specific fish MeHg levels. The distribution of fish consumed by individuals and the MeHg level in each fish species were assigned based on published data from Japanese government institutions. The probability of MeHg intake for a population was accomplished through a Monte Carlo simulation by the random sampling of fish consumption and species-specific MeHg levels. Internal body MeHg levels in blood and hair were estimated using a one-compartment model. Overall, the mean value of MeHg intake for the Japanese population was estimated to be 6.76 μg/day or 0.14 μg/kg body weight per day (bw/day), while the mean value for the hair mercury level was 2.02 μg/g. Compared with the survey data that tabulated hair mercury levels in a cross-section of the Japanese population, the simulation results matched the hair mercury survey data very well for women, but somewhat underestimated for men and all of the population. This exposure assessment model is a useful attempt at further risk assessment with respect to a risk-benefit analysis.     

北京市能源节约策略研究

能源节约与环境保护是北京市经济社会持续发展中的重要现实问题。本文首先介绍北京市能源发展现状,然后分析北京市能源发展存在的风险。最后结合国外各国先进节能经验,从经济发展模式、从产业结构调整、行业结构布局等方面来探讨降低北京市能源强度的路径选择策略和节能政策建议。     

产品品种繁多类型企业投入产出表的处理思想与方法

对于生产装配性产品的机械企业，由于产品与原材料种类繁多，将造成企业投入产出表的规模庞大，致使投入产出表的编制、计算和使用产生诸多问题，甚至难以实现。为了控制表的规模，常采用将消耗量相近、生产工艺相近的产品合并的做法。但这种做法严重影响了投入产出表的精度和应用效果。因此，本文讨论了更为有效的解决这类问题的思想和方法。     

二元经济结构下的城乡居民收入消费水平的区域差异分析

我国的国民经济结构是一个典型的二元经济结构,东、中、西三大区域城乡差距依此递增,三大地带内部城乡差距呈现明显拉大趋势。这种现状产生的原因是多方面的,但农业和非农业部门劳动生产率水平的巨大差异和国家的农业投资政策是不容忽视的两个因素。推进二元经济结构演化,缩小城乡居民差距必须树立工农城乡协调发展的战略思想,加大对农业的投入,积极推进农村税费改革,加快城镇化步伐,实施农业产业化经营。