“廉价的高品位”：农户清洁能源消费中的家庭禀赋与接近效应

基于CGSS 2015中的全国农户生活能源使用状况数据,本文运用Tobit回归模型分析了农户家庭的人力资本、社会资本、经济资本以及清洁能源的可获得对农户清洁能源消费的影响。研究发现：高人力资本与经济资本的农户使用“高品位”的清洁能源,但其实际的能源支出却低于使用传统能源的其他农户,出现品位与成本倒挂的现象;人力资本与经济资本对农户使用的清洁能源耗能和占比均有显著正向影响,相对于务农而言,外出务工对农户清洁能源的耗能量和占比的提升有着积极作用;农户与清洁能源供应点的距离与清洁能源耗能和占比均正相关;人力资本要素中家庭最高文化程度越高,清洁能源消费成本占总能源消费成本的比率越低,经济资本对农户清洁能源消费有正向影响,农户在清洁能源的获得较容易时则会增加对清洁能源的消费额度,并提升其消费比例。     

Codes of conduct in Hong Kong organisations

This paper first reviews the literature on the role of codes of conduct for organisations in Hong Kong in their attempts to manage increasingly complex ethical problems and issues. It shows that, although valuable foundations exist upon which to build, research and understanding of the subject is at it's embryonic stage. Social Psychology literature is examined to investigate what lessons those concerned with the study of ethics may learn and the work of Hofstede, as seminal in the area of work-related values, is emphasised in this context.Following Hofstede's proposals for strategies for operationalizing¹ constructs about human values, a content analysis² was conducted on a pilot sample of codes provided by Hong Kong organisations. The results show three clearly identified clusters of organisations with common formats. The first group, described as Foreign Legal, emphasises legal compliance, has criteria for invoking penalties and consists of foreign-owned, large multinational organisations. Companies in the second cluster have codes which, except in the case of a couple of larger organisations, mainly follow the Independent Commission Against Corruption's (ICAC) standard format. The third cluster, described as the Bank Network, also appear to largely conform to a format: the Hong Kong Banking Association's guidelines.Further analysis conducted here of the Hong Kong codes indicates the important role of emic teleological values³, such as trust and reputation, amongst indigenous organisations, rather than the amorality suggested by an earlier study (Dolecheck and Bethke, 1990). These results support the proposition that Hong Kong ethical perspectives are culture bound⁴, as there appear to be different emphases than revealed in an American study (Stevens, 1994), which identified an emphasis in the US codes upon introverted organisational issues and a failure to espouse deontological values⁵.The conclusion is that designing a research programme on business values in Hong Kong requires reference to studies of values in cross-cultural psychology generally and to Hofstede's work in particular. It also supports the need for indigenous research and models in this field which avoid the ethnocentrism inherent in much Western theory and research.     

基于社会折现率视角的消费与投资利率变动分析

在梳理社会折现率相关测算方法的基础上,对全国及各地区的社会折现率进行了测度。测算结果表明,就全国的社会折现率而言,主要有以下5个特点:社会边际时间偏好率虽具有波动性,但总体呈上升趋势,主要原因是经济结构中消费因素的作用在提升;资本的边际社会机会成本呈下降趋势,主要原因是投资边际收益递减规律在起作用;2011年是消费与投资利率平均水平变化的"拐点"年份;各地区加权平均社会折现率稳定在6%~8%的估计区间;无论基于哪种测算方法,地区社会折现率都呈现一定的差异性特征。得到中国消费与投资利率变动的6个基本特征,进一步提出根据区域异质性有针对性地选定社会折现率、制定消费与投资的引导政策,实现创新驱动以解决投资冗余问题,挖掘消费在经济结构中的作用,培养新兴产业以提高投资收益率,实现区域间消费与投资的优势互补等政策建议。     

文化环境视域下社会主义核心价值观的培育

文化环境是人类主体的实践活动赖以进行的自然条件、社会条件和文化条件的总和,具有渗透性、可塑性、全面性、动态性和复杂性等特征,它影响着人们的价值选择、思维方式和行为趋向,对社会主义核心价值观的培育具有重要作用。培育和践行社会主义核心价值观是一项系统工程,应当构建良好的文化环境,充分发挥家庭文化环境、学校文化环境和社会文化环境的积极影响和作用,整合社会资源,形成有效合力。     

外交价值观引领下的中国国际话语权构建

在国际力量对比发生深刻变化的时期,中国外交价值观成为增强中国文化软实力,突破某些西方国家国际话语权制约的重要指导原则.中国外交价值观是马克思主义理论与中国文化思想的有机结合,是中国优秀文化传统与人类共同价值体系的有机结合.中国外交价值观的基本脉络是:以"文明多元"为基本出发点,以"以人为本"为核心理念,以"正确的义利观"为指导原则,以"合作共赢"为主要实践途径,以共同构建"命运共同体"为追求目标.中国外交价值观提升了中国的道义感召力,增强了中国国际话语权,促进更为合理的国际话语体系及国际秩序的构建.     

卢梭的爱情教育观及对当代教育的启示

卢梭的爱情教育观比较集中地体现在其书信体小说《爱弥儿》及《新爱洛伊斯》中,包涵了道德教育、性别差异教育、价值观教育、情感教育、审美教育和自然教育,对当代仍具有教育启示意义,应对这些观点进行理性分析并合理扬弃。     

共享经济外部影响定量研究综述

共享经济(sharing economy)作为一种新的经济业态,给消费者、企业、共享平台等市场参与主体带来深远影响的同时,也产生若干社会问题.关于共享经济所造成的外部影响,经济与管理学科领域的定量研究成果快速增长,但缺乏系统而全面的梳理.综合整理共享经济现有理论(解析)类和实证类定量文献,从消费者、企业、共享平台与社会这四个视角对共享经济的外部影响进行梳理、归纳及展望,为国内学者展开更深层次的研究提供思路,为企业、平台及政策制定者科学决策提供参考,助力共享经济的理论研究与科学实践.     

Why does “last week” reporting give higher estimates than “last month”?

Abstract

Experiments in various countries with “last week” and “last month” reference periods for reporting of households’ food consumption have generally found that “week”-based estimates are higher. In India the National Sample Survey (NSS) has consistently found that “week”-based estimates are higher than month-based estimates for a majority of food item groups. But why are week-based estimates higher than month-based estimates? It has long been believed that the reason must be recall lapse, inherent in a long reporting period such as a month. But is household consumption of a habitually consumed item “recalled” in the same way as that of an item of infrequent consumption? And why doesn’t memory lapse cause over-reporting (over-assessment) as often as under-reporting? In this paper, we provide an alternative hypothesis, involving a “quantity floor effect” in reporting behavior, under which “week” may cause over-reporting for many items. We design a test to detect the effect postulated by this hypothesis and carry it out on NSS 68th round HCES data. The test results strongly suggest that our hypothesis provides a better explanation of the difference between week-based and month-based estimates than the recall lapse theory.     

The relation between societal factors and different forms of prejudice: A cross-national approach on target-specific and generalized prejudice

The goal of this paper was to investigate the generalizability of prejudice across contexts by analyzing associations between different types of prejudice in a cross-national perspective and by investigating the relation between country-specific contextual factors and target-specific prejudices. Relying on the European Social Survey (2008), results indicated that prejudices were indeed positively associated, confirming the existence of a generalized prejudice component. Next to substantial cross-national differences in associational strength, also within country variance in target-specific associations was observed. This suggested that the motivations for prejudice largely vary according to the intergroup context. Two aspects of the intergroup context – economic conditions and cultural values – showed to be related to generalized and target-specific components of prejudice. Future research on prejudice and context should take an integrative approach that considers both the idea of generalized and specific prejudice simultaneously.     

Trends in Alcohol Consumption Among Undergraduate Students at a Northeastern Public University, 2002–2008

Abstract

Objective: This study examined alcohol consumption patterns and trends at a public university in the Northeast from 2002 to 2008. Participants: Stratified random sampling was used to select undergraduate students enrolled in courses during spring semesters in 2002, 2004, 2006, and 2008. Methods: Data were collected during regularly scheduled classes for 4 measures of alcohol consumption and 5 demographic categories using the Core Alcohol and Drug Survey. Results: Four groups showed significant increases in both frequency and volume of alcohol consumption—students who were female, over 21 years of age or over, living off-campus, or performing well academically. There were no decreasing trends for any demographic group. These results differ from national college health surveys, which have shown alcohol use remaining steady during this period. Conclusions: Campus-specific trend data can provide unique perspectives and guide programming efforts. These trends suggest a need for new intervention strategies on this campus.