撒拉语中的突厥语因素--一种具有察哈台语形式的乌古斯语?

任何一种语言都有地域特征,撒拉语既有古突厥语的特点,同时又因与周边语言的联系而有自己新的发展.它的突厥语特点代表了几种历史层面,这种层面反映出与不同突厥语群的联系.由于复杂的共时特征和与历史记载的差距,对于撒拉语进行分类是很困难的.根据如下两方面的论述(1)和乌古斯语的发生学关系;(2)和南西伯利亚语和克普恰克语长久的联系,本文提出自己的观点,不同意撒拉语与现代维吾尔语有发生学关系的看法.     

再论蒙古与吐蕃和吐蕃佛教的初期接触

本文依据史料 ,对蒙古与吐蕃和吐蕃佛教初期接触的年代、事件进行了辨证。     

Improving Right Party Contact Rates at Outbound Call Centers

Consumer delinquencies are a major problem for banks and other credit card issuers. These firms have collection centers across the country to collect outstanding balances from delinquent accounts. Their main strategy is to first send reminder notices and, if that does not work, to telephone delinquent customers and request payment. The latter often becomes necessary, resulting in high costs of collection. Automated dialers are used to make the calls, and when the call goes through, it is directed to one of several hundred associates manning computer workstations. In this operation, it is important to contact the account holder in order to discuss payment options. Simply getting someone on the line is not sufficient, because such calls would require follow‐up calls. The objective of efficient collections is to maximize dollars collected while minimizing costs, which generally translates to making a “right party contact (RPC)” in the minimum number of attempts. We developed and tested an algorithm that increased the RPC rates by over 10%. This increase translates to annual savings of several million dollars for an average credit card company. Although the focus of our paper is collections, the methodology developed is equally applicable for improving telemarketing efficiency.     

朝那:保留在汉语中的古羌语词语

古籍中屡见一个地名词语--朝那.这是古羌语词语,是古羌族人对所居地的命名,意思是"黑龙".从语言形式看,"朝那"是"名词中心语 形容词定语"结构,体现了藏缅语族语言的一般规律;从地域分布看,殷商至两汉时期,朝那地是古羌族的活动范围;从文化特征看,古羌族崇龙尚黑,其生活地域的山水和居民点多以黑或龙命名;从文化遗迹看,今陇东一带许多县乡都有繁丰的龙文化印记.     

Substrate reinforcement and dialectal differences in Melanesian Pidgin

Stabilization of a new contact language involves a process of levelling, or the reduction of variants. One of the factors influencing which grammatical variants are retained in the process is substrate reinforcement – the existence in the substrate languages of a congruent structure with a similar function. This article illustrates substrate reinforcement in the development of the three current dialects of Melanesian Pidgin. First, evidence of earlier variability is presented and the sociolinguistic conditions that later led to greater stability are described. Second, five grammatical features that differentiate the dialects are examined. For each feature, it is shown first that at least two variants were previously in use. Then evidence is presented illustrating correspondence between the particular variant retained in the dialect and a feature of the substrate languages of that geographic area. Differing substrates reinforced different variants, and this accounts for these dialectal differences.     

关于教育中“主体间性”的一些认识

韦伯的理解社会学、加芬克尔的常人方法学、胡赛尔先验现象学和哈贝马斯交往行动理论均对科技理性予以批判,但在构筑他们各自的哲学、揭示社会现象与问题时,站在了不同的方法论立场上,导致对"主体间性"认识视角不尽一致.教育中的主体间性是指主体与主体之间相互尊重,在法律、各项学校规章制度与道德规范下的相互理解的关系特征.在学校教育中,科学精神与主体间性应是相辅相承的.为了实现主体间性,要注意运用平等对话与交流及交往等教育方式,但这些教育方式并不能排斥其他教育方式.教育改革过程应树立"主体间性"意识.     

"机械设计基础"课程教学中"角接触向心轴承轴向载荷的计算"的解疑尝试

文章通过引入一个V型梁和V导轨来类比滚子与滚道的接触,清晰、简洁、明了地解释了"机械设计基础"教学中"角接触向心轴承轴向载荷的计算"这一难点问题.     

浅谈彝族服饰的变迁与传承因素

彝族服饰异彩纷呈,丰富多彩,地域差异性较大,但从历史来看,一些古老的服饰传统还是传承下来。彝族服饰变迁因素最主要的还是对生态环境的调适和文化接触的结果。而服饰传统传承因素除了生态环境的稳定性之外,重要的还有彝族文化价值观的相对稳定性,二者促成彝族服饰主要的文化要素传承了下来。     

Urban Europeans' viewpoints on immigrants in the city: Re-considering how group threat operates across national and urban contexts

Research analyzing attitudes toward immigrants in Europe studies how the immigrant population size in a country conditions prejudicial attitudes against immigrants. While research on immigrant group size in countries is important, research considering the size of immigrant groups at other geographic scales, such as cities, is relatively unexplored. Using data on nearly 30,000 residents of 63 European cities from the Flash Eurobarometer 366 survey, we ask: how does the immigrant population size in a country and a city relate to how Europeans consider immigrants in their city? Findings show support for a group threat framework in that greater immigrant group size is linked to more anti-immigrant views, but this finding holds only for cities, not for countries. Our discussion centers on the ways in which cities may be linked to this threat, and how a multi-scalar conception of group threat can uncover varying relationships for immigration attitudes.