散杂居地区民族社会交往研究——以山东省平邑县为例

从族际通婚、社会网络与社会交往等方面,以山东省平邑县为例对当前散杂居地区的民族社会交往状况做出了经验分析,并尝试总结了散杂居地区民族社会交往特点。     

The effect of domain prestige and interlocutors' bilingualism on loanword adaptations

There is great variability in whether foreign sounds in loanwords are adapted, such that segments show cross‐word and cross‐situational variation in adaptation. Previous research proposed that word frequency, speakers' level of bilingualism and neighborhoods' level of bilingualism can explain such variability. We test for the effect of these factors and propose two additional factors: interlocutors' level of bilingualism and the prestige of the donor language in the loanword's domain. Analyzing elicited productions of loanwords from Spanish into Mexicano in a village where Spanish and Mexicano enjoy prestige in complementary domains, we show that interlocutors' bilingualism and prestige influence the rate of sound adaptation. Additionally, we find that speakers accommodate to their interlocutors, regardless of the interlocutors' level of bilingualism. As retention of foreign sounds can lead to sound change, these results show that social factors can influence changes in a language's sound system.     

Ethnic concentration in the neighbourhood and majority and minority language: A study of first and second-generation immigrants

Ethnic residential concentration is often found to hamper immigrants’ majority language proficiency. However, there are still several gaps in our understanding of the relationship between ethnic concentration and ethnic minorities’ language practices. This study examines the extent to which ethnic concentration also constrains immigrants’ majority language use, whether contact with natives and co-ethnics mediates these relationships, and whether ethnic concentration relates to second-generation minorities’ minority language proficiency. Structural equation models on data for people of Turkish and Moroccan origin living in the Netherlands (N = 2163) showed that ethnic concentration is indirectly related to weaker majority language proficiency and less majority language use through contact with natives and co-ethnics. For second-generation minorities, ethnic concentration is related to better minority language proficiency.     

Fear of small numbers? Immigrant population size and electoral support for the populist radical right in Switzerland

In this paper, we examine the association between contact with migrant populations and support for the populist radical right (PRR) in Switzerland. Building on group threat and intergroup contact theories, which offer opposing predictions, and drawing on Appadurai’s thesis of the ‘fear of small numbers’, we propose a new theoretical framework to explain this association. We predict that the relationship between the size of the migrant populations and PRR voting is nonlinear: a small but noticeable minority triggers the formation of anti-immigrant attitudes, which soften as the minority grows and people start having meaningful interactions with foreigners. To test these theories, we combine individual-level data with municipality-level information. Mixed-effects multilevel models confirm that individuals in municipalities with a moderate proportion of foreigners are more likely than those with fewer or a greater number of migrants to cast their vote in support of PRR parties; this is particularly so for certain stigmatised minorities. We further explore the effect of perceived immigrant threat in moderating these relationships.     

汉武帝时期属国文化地位辨析

属国是游牧民族与中原政权间经济文化交往的特殊形式。汉武帝增属国,因故俗统治归降民族人口,草原文化与农耕文化在其中直接交融,形成当时两种文化交往最繁盛和草原文化保持最浓厚地区。     

全球化语境下的汉语语汇变异

在当今全球化的大背景下,英语正通过教育、传媒和各种经济文化活动影响汉语,使汉语产生了以嵌入字母词和音译外来词的日渐频繁为显著特点的语言变异.由于语言接触变异对主体语言既有正效应也有负效应,而且存在着变异的必然性.面对英语的大量涌入要采取既不冲动排外,又不放任自流的态度,使英语既可为本民族的发展服务,又能最大限度地保持本民族和本民族语言的特色.     

A Two Sample Test for Mean Vectors with Unequal Covariance Matrices

In this paper, we consider testing the equality of two mean vectors with unequal covariance matrices. In the case of equal covariance matrices, we can use Hotelling’s T² statistic, which follows the F distribution under the null hypothesis. Meanwhile, in the case of unequal covariance matrices, the T² type test statistic does not follow the F distribution, and it is also difficult to derive the exact distribution. In this paper, we propose an approximate solution to the problem by adjusting the degrees of freedom of the F distribution. Asymptotic expansions up to the term of order N^{? 2} for the first and second moments of the U statistic are given, where N is the total sample size minus two. A new approximate degrees of freedom and its bias correction are obtained. Finally, numerical comparison is presented by a Monte Carlo simulation.     

王士禛与明遗民交游事迹考论

王士禛主动接近遗民的准确时间是在顺治十五年后,多交遗民具体是在康熙元年以后,他与遗民交游既非毫无个人原则,亦非没有观念冲突 康熙四年任职京师后,王士禛主动结交遗民的态度不复存在,并对遗民生存方式和文学取向提出诸多批评.尤其是康熙帝的眷顾,构成他与遗民交游的一道不可逾越的分水岭 王士禛的神韵诗正是建立在对遗民诗的清理和反驳之上,并在与遗民诗的对立与交叉之中,逐渐成为诗坛的主流     

4H-SiC离子注入层的欧姆接触的制备(英文)

用氮离子注入的方法制备了4H-SiC欧姆接触层。注入层的离子浓度分布由蒙特卡罗分析软件 TRIM模拟提取,Si面4H-SiC-Ni/Cr合金欧姆接触的特性由传输线方法结构进行了测量,得到氮离子注入层的方块电阻Rsh为30 kW/square, Ni/Cr合金与离子注入层的欧姆接触电阻rc为7.1×10-4 Wcm2。