心理学视野中的孤独

孤独是一种主观体验,是与关系相对存在的个体内在体验,并不能简单由外在环境所致,它总是产生于一个人的社会关系中的某些缺陷。孤独有性格孤独与状态孤独的差别。对孤独特性的不同理解,使得我们体验到不同的感受,从承受孤独到享受孤独、追求孤独,进而认识到孤独与交往是人性的两种不同需求的反映,孤独是对交往需求的反映,是对交往过程的整合。     

本期执行主编

阐述了在数学分析课的教学中实施分层教学模式的依据、原则 ,指出了实施分层教学模式的作用意义及要点     

民办高校开展学位与研究生教育试点的若干问题研究

提出我国在实施高等教育大众化进程中应借鉴国外的经验,积极而稳妥地在民办高校开展学位与研究生教育的试点工作,培育学位与研究生教育的新资源,拓宽发展学位与研究生教育的途径,提升民办高校的办学层次,加快学位与研究生的人才培养,为全面建设小康社会提供更多的高层次人力资源.论证了民办高校开展学位与研究生教育试点工作的可能性、可行性,对试点工作中的一些问题进行初步的探讨.     

支遁与东晋士人交往初论——以《世说新语》为中心

<世说新语>一书关涉佛迹之处甚多,其所记僧人与士人的交往尤其令人瞩目,这为考察佛教对东晋士人的影响提供了路径.支遁在以会稽郡为核心的区域与东晋前半期的名士交游宴集,其形式以人物品题和谈玄论理为主.士人对支遁谈玄的激赏和对所谓"支理"的追捧表明在东晋前半期,佛教对士人来说只是一种可资清谈释玄的全新资源,其义理对他们的思想世界和精神生活尚没有决定性的影响力.     

从贵州石头、龙泉、打冉、辉岩四个村寨看布依、汉两种语言的替换过程

我们先后对贵州省六指特区、惠水县石头、龙泉、打冉、辉岩4个村寨的语言使用状况作了调查,认为这4个村寨处在布依、汉两种语言接触、竞争的不同阶段。透过它们,可以清晰地看到部分布依语是如何从兴盛走向消亡的。     

Mothers’ perceptions and experiences of skin-to-skin contact after vaginal birth in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study

ProblemThe World Health Organization recommends immediate skin-to-skin contact after birth, however, worldwide, separation of mothers and infant is common.BackgroundIn Saudi Arabia, there is a lack of research exploring mothers’ experiences of skin-to-skin contact after birth.AimTo estimate the rate of skin-to-skin contact and describe mothers’ perceptions and experiences of immediate skin-to-skin contact after vaginal birth in two largest hospitals in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.MethodsA cross-sectional study conducted in 2017. A total of 254 mothers completed the survey on the postnatal ward (92 % response rate). The survey consisted of 36 closed and open-ended items. Data were described using summary statistics and free text comments were analysed using content analysis.ResultsThe rate of direct skin-to-skin contact was 15%. A further 54% of mothers had the baby placed on their chest/abdomen but with a sheet/gown between them. Mothers reported favourable perceptions towards skin-to-skin contact and reported the practice as acceptable (67%). Most mothers did not express concerns about feeling exposed (85%) or that skin-to-skin contact was inconsistent with norms of modesty or culture (87%). The free text comments indicated that most mothers felt positive about their experience of skin-to-skin contact, while some mothers felt overwhelmed and unprepared.Discussion and ConclusionsSkin-to-skin contact was not routinely implemented after birth and the rate was low. Mothers held positive perceptions and wanted to practice skin-to-skin contact. Policy makers and clinicians should acknowledge mothers’ needs and feelings by facilitating skin-to-skin contact to achieve optimal outcomes for mothers and infants.     

以发展为主题,科学规划"十一五"学位与研究生教育事业

“十一五”是我国经济社会全面发展的重要战略机遇期,也是高层次创新型人才培养的重要战略机遇期。规划好农林高校“十一五”学位与研究生教育事业,应以科学发展观为指导,坚持五项原则和四个“结合”,即协调发展、以人为本、质量首位、以农为本、特色兴校原则;坚持研究、改革、建设、管理紧密结合,坚持研究生教育与学科建设紧密结合,坚持研究生培养与科技创新紧密结合,坚持学术型人才培养与应用型人才培养紧密结合。     

论语言学在亚洲文明研究中的作用

在亚洲文明研究中，语言学能在语系、语言接触和文字谱系三个方面提供丰富的证据，具有不可替代的重要作用。首先，语系与文明关系密切，研究语系的形成和扩散，有助于还原亚洲文明的起源与扩散以及亚洲民族的形成与迁徙；其次，亚洲语言之间经常发生接触，从而引发演变，研究语言接触，有助于洞察亚洲文明的交流与互动；最后，文字承载了不同时期的文明，对文字谱系进行研究，可以跨越时空限制探知亚洲文明的传播和互鉴。因此，语言学应该与考古学和遗传学等学科一道成为亚洲文明研究的主要手段，与它们形成新的综合，共同为深化对亚洲文明的认识做出应有贡献。     

Subsequent child protection contact for a cohort of children reported to child protection prenatally in one Australian jurisdiction

Repeated reporting to child protection is common. One approach to early intervention is for jurisdictions to receive and respond to child protection concerns raised before children are born. Despite this, little research has comprehensively examined subsequent child protection contact for those first reported prenatally. This study aimed to examine the subsequent child protection contact for up to a two-year period for a cohort of children who were reported about prebirth. Child protection administrative data were extracted for 640 children reported for a concern about an unborn child in a single jurisdiction during 2014. Data about child protection contacts included reports, investigations, substantiations and out-of-home placements for children reported prenatally. Of the 640 children, 79% reported about prenatally also had contact with child protection between birth and age two. From birth and up to age two, children reported prenatally had between zero and 21 reports. Twenty-two per cent of the children reported prenatally were removed from their birth parents and placed in out-of-home care prior to age two. These findings highlight the importance of intervening and supporting families prior to and during pregnancy to reduce harm to children and reduce the need for contact with child protection.     

Let's stay close: An examination of the effects of imagined contact on behavior toward children with disability

In line with current developments in indirect intergroup contact literature, we conducted a field study using the imagined contact paradigm among high-status (Italian children) and low-status (children with foreign origins) group members (N = 122; 53 females, mean age = 7.52 years). The experiment aimed to improve attitudes and behavior toward a different low-status group, children with disability. To assess behavior, we focused on an objective measure that captures the physical distance between participants and a child with disability over the course of a five-minute interaction (i.e., while playing together). Results from a 3-week intervention revealed that in the case of high-status children imagined contact, relative to a no-intervention control condition, improved outgroup attitudes and behavior, and strengthened helping and contact intentions. These effects however did not emerge among low-status children. The results are discussed in the context of intergroup contact literature, with emphasis on the implications of imagined contact for educational settings.