《联合国海洋法公约》对海盗罪规定的超普遍管辖权研究

《联合国海洋法公约》对海盗罪规定了超普遍管辖权。这种管辖权明显区别于普遍管辖权,对于打击海盗罪非常便捷、有力。但是,如果对行使地域不加限制,就会严重侵犯国家主权。因此公约严格将海盗罪的行为地限制在公海或任何国家管辖范围之外的地方。这种限制是非常合理的。对于不在限制地域发生的海盗行为,不能行使超普遍管辖权,而只能行使其他管辖权。     

农村社会生态理性的社会学研究

本文从理性视角构筑认识论框架,在此框架内对环境价值作出评估。在肯定理性多样化并存的前提下,把两个最具争议的理性——经济理性与生态理性并列齐观,以阐明二者在环境问题上的分歧,并从中揭示出中心价值对边陲价值的侵犯,并以政治形式将其合法化、正当化的过程。如何实现经济理性与生态理性的和解,宏观层面需要工业文明向生态文明的转变,微观层面需要从＂以人为中心＂的价值观向＂人与环境和谐共处＂的价值观转向,在这一转向过程中经济理性与生态理性相平衡的价值观教育是很有必要的。     

The sociolinguistics of exogamy: Dialect acquisition in a Zhuang village

Adult dialect acquisition is typically studied in relatively idiosyncratic situations where adults happen to move to another community. But how does dialect acquisition play out in indigenous minority societies that have systemic adult migration due to exogamy? Do the in‐married spouses acquire the local variety? Why or why not? How much do they acquire? We investigated an indigenous Zhuang community in southern China. Sociophonetic analyses of in‐married women and local villagers show that the in‐married women acquired the local variety in most respects but not in aspirated consonants. To the limits of their phonological ability as adult learners, the wives followed the local sociolinguistic norm: they acquired the husbands’ variety. By contrast, in societies experiencing greater external cross‐cultural contact, exogamous women sometimes use their liminal status to challenge such gendered sociolinguistic expectations. Comparing the present study with outcomes in different societies, we lay the foundation for a typology of the sociolinguistics of exogamy. In this way, we help expand the study of language and gender toward new horizons and under‐represented social settings.     

论国家紧急权及其合理运用的制度建构

由于我国新修订的宪法已经引入了"紧急状态"概念,因此如何构建国家紧急权制度体系,也就成为一个迫切需要解决的问题。从学理上看,国家紧急权是指国家在紧急状态下为了恢复正常的社会秩序而采取非常规的紧急对抗措施的权力。而从历史的经验教训看,国家紧急权决不是一项不受限制的权力,它的行使应当在明晰的法律范围进行,是宪政之限权目标的一部分。因此,国家紧急权制度的建构是非常重要的,它应坚持目的的合理性、手段的适当性、时间的有限性、启动的制约性等原则。     

“Aesthetics”的感性之维——中西方文艺美学的一个比较

鲍姆嘉通在"aesthetics"一词中加入"美的思维的艺术"的含义有着特殊背景,他以"美"的名义拯救西方传统哲学所鄙视、压抑的感性.20世纪以来,随着现代主义文学的兴起和哲学变革的深入,强调感性意义的文艺美学已成为西方美学的主流之一.西方现代美学与中国传统美学有惊人的相似之处,追寻一种非概念的、超理性的智慧和人生境界一直是中国古代美学的重要特征之一.在中国现当代,由于美学承担了特殊任务,其感性之维经历了沉浮.     

法权理性的意义及困境

法权是人类理性的产物,但由于传统的法权制度本身存在着整体意志与个体自由的"冲突",从而使其在表现自身意义的过程中,陷入了无可避免的价值困境.本文着眼于此,集中讨论法权理性的积极意义,同时分析了它的价值困境,以图在分析传统法权的缺陷当中,反思"法治"的现代意义.     

LEGISLATING LOVE: The Effect of Child Support and Welfare Policies on Father–child Contact

Reducing non-marital childbearing and making nonresidential fathers take greater responsibility for their children were identified as goals of numerous policy changes since the 1980s. Child-support award rates for children born to unmarried parents have been quite low historically, leading lawmakers to focus on increasing both award and payment rates for this group. Nonmarital fathers are also much less likely to have contact with their children. Although evidence suggests that policy efforts increase child support awards and receipt, the link between child support policies, child support outcomes, and father-child contact has received less attention. This paper uses data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation on children born between 1985–1997 to investigate the relationship between child-support award and receipt and the amount of contact that fathers have with their non-residential children. Since it is likely that both of these behaviors are, in part, determined by unobservable characteristics of the father, we estimate an instrumental variables Tobit model. The model is identified by our assumption that child support policy variables can impact child support awards and payments, but father-child contact cannot be directly legislated. Our results suggest that there are unintended, but desirable effects of child support establishment and collection. Policies to collect child support not only increase financial resources to families, but through their impact on payments increase visitation and contact between these children and their fathers. The estimated impact of receiving child support on contact is more than 27 days per year.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Annual Meetings of the American Economic Association, Washington DC, January 2003 and the Annual Meetings of the Association of Public Policy and Management, November 2003. Support from NICHD Grant # HD30944 is gratefully acknowledged. We would like to thank Suzann Eshleman for excellent computer programming and James Scully for providing us with data on genetic testing laws.     

天人合一与生态平衡论

天人合一、与自然相和谐是古代中国人对人与自然关系的深刻认识。它强调的是人必须遵循自然规律 ,合理开发利用自然 ,保护自然 ,是生态道德理性与生态实践理性的统一。天人合一理想的实现也将是生态平衡的实现。它所反映的生态思想可以为现代处在生态危机严重困扰的人们提供重要的价值支持资源。     

理性重构和“法治“与“德治“的有机结合

西方理性是关注超验世界的普遍理性,它为人们提供一个严密逻辑的世界观.逻辑使法律的外在手段成为社会治理的主要形式.但建立在普遍逻辑基础上的道德是绝对的道德,人们无法用它去规范社会行动.中国传统理性是关注经验世界的经验价值理性,不关注普遍逻辑 .没有建立起逻辑,法律的外在手段难以实现.它是多样的、相对的,建立起了能较好地用于规范社会行动的经验的多层次的道德.要实现"法治"和"德治"的结合,必须重构理性.重构的理性必须是多样性和普遍性、价值和真理相统一的理性.在马克思的实践观基础上能建构起这一理性即"实践的理性"."实践的理性"具有双重品格,能实现"法治"和"德治"的结合.     

传统资产定价理论和资产交易理论研究

传统的资产定价理论和资产交易理论都有一个基本假设:人是理性的。然而,金融市场中大量存在的种种"异常",对基于理性假设之上的经典金融理论提出了挑战。通过回顾传统的资产定价理论和资产交易理论,可以看到建立一种标准的行为模型,应该是金融理论的下一个主要方面所在,该标准行为模型应该既能表达有限理性,又能兼容理性行为。