论国家紧急权及其合理运用的制度建构

由于我国新修订的宪法已经引入了"紧急状态"概念,因此如何构建国家紧急权制度体系,也就成为一个迫切需要解决的问题。从学理上看,国家紧急权是指国家在紧急状态下为了恢复正常的社会秩序而采取非常规的紧急对抗措施的权力。而从历史的经验教训看,国家紧急权决不是一项不受限制的权力,它的行使应当在明晰的法律范围进行,是宪政之限权目标的一部分。因此,国家紧急权制度的建构是非常重要的,它应坚持目的的合理性、手段的适当性、时间的有限性、启动的制约性等原则。     

“Aesthetics”的感性之维——中西方文艺美学的一个比较

鲍姆嘉通在"aesthetics"一词中加入"美的思维的艺术"的含义有着特殊背景,他以"美"的名义拯救西方传统哲学所鄙视、压抑的感性.20世纪以来,随着现代主义文学的兴起和哲学变革的深入,强调感性意义的文艺美学已成为西方美学的主流之一.西方现代美学与中国传统美学有惊人的相似之处,追寻一种非概念的、超理性的智慧和人生境界一直是中国古代美学的重要特征之一.在中国现当代,由于美学承担了特殊任务,其感性之维经历了沉浮.     

法权理性的意义及困境

法权是人类理性的产物,但由于传统的法权制度本身存在着整体意志与个体自由的"冲突",从而使其在表现自身意义的过程中,陷入了无可避免的价值困境.本文着眼于此,集中讨论法权理性的积极意义,同时分析了它的价值困境,以图在分析传统法权的缺陷当中,反思"法治"的现代意义.     

LEGISLATING LOVE: The Effect of Child Support and Welfare Policies on Father–child Contact

Reducing non-marital childbearing and making nonresidential fathers take greater responsibility for their children were identified as goals of numerous policy changes since the 1980s. Child-support award rates for children born to unmarried parents have been quite low historically, leading lawmakers to focus on increasing both award and payment rates for this group. Nonmarital fathers are also much less likely to have contact with their children. Although evidence suggests that policy efforts increase child support awards and receipt, the link between child support policies, child support outcomes, and father-child contact has received less attention. This paper uses data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation on children born between 1985–1997 to investigate the relationship between child-support award and receipt and the amount of contact that fathers have with their non-residential children. Since it is likely that both of these behaviors are, in part, determined by unobservable characteristics of the father, we estimate an instrumental variables Tobit model. The model is identified by our assumption that child support policy variables can impact child support awards and payments, but father-child contact cannot be directly legislated. Our results suggest that there are unintended, but desirable effects of child support establishment and collection. Policies to collect child support not only increase financial resources to families, but through their impact on payments increase visitation and contact between these children and their fathers. The estimated impact of receiving child support on contact is more than 27 days per year.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Annual Meetings of the American Economic Association, Washington DC, January 2003 and the Annual Meetings of the Association of Public Policy and Management, November 2003. Support from NICHD Grant # HD30944 is gratefully acknowledged. We would like to thank Suzann Eshleman for excellent computer programming and James Scully for providing us with data on genetic testing laws.     

天人合一与生态平衡论

天人合一、与自然相和谐是古代中国人对人与自然关系的深刻认识。它强调的是人必须遵循自然规律 ,合理开发利用自然 ,保护自然 ,是生态道德理性与生态实践理性的统一。天人合一理想的实现也将是生态平衡的实现。它所反映的生态思想可以为现代处在生态危机严重困扰的人们提供重要的价值支持资源。     

理性重构和“法治“与“德治“的有机结合

西方理性是关注超验世界的普遍理性,它为人们提供一个严密逻辑的世界观.逻辑使法律的外在手段成为社会治理的主要形式.但建立在普遍逻辑基础上的道德是绝对的道德,人们无法用它去规范社会行动.中国传统理性是关注经验世界的经验价值理性,不关注普遍逻辑 .没有建立起逻辑,法律的外在手段难以实现.它是多样的、相对的,建立起了能较好地用于规范社会行动的经验的多层次的道德.要实现"法治"和"德治"的结合,必须重构理性.重构的理性必须是多样性和普遍性、价值和真理相统一的理性.在马克思的实践观基础上能建构起这一理性即"实践的理性"."实践的理性"具有双重品格,能实现"法治"和"德治"的结合.     

传统资产定价理论和资产交易理论研究

传统的资产定价理论和资产交易理论都有一个基本假设:人是理性的。然而,金融市场中大量存在的种种"异常",对基于理性假设之上的经典金融理论提出了挑战。通过回顾传统的资产定价理论和资产交易理论,可以看到建立一种标准的行为模型,应该是金融理论的下一个主要方面所在,该标准行为模型应该既能表达有限理性,又能兼容理性行为。     

梁漱溟道德哲学探析

梁漱溟的形而上学从根本上讲是一种人生境界之学,它以人生可见的"理性"为内在的直接本体,以实现本体的道德人生境界为其体系的最后归宿或目的.他设立形而上本体的目的是肯定人的内在德性的真实性,论证宇宙生命的意义是为了说明人类生命的价值和人类行为的合理性.     

困境与冲突:当代中国社会变迁过程的再诠释

就其本义来讲 ,“社会主义”起初不仅不是作为“现代化”的特殊形式而且还是作为“现代化”的对立面而提出来的。由于二者之间本来具有的对立性质 ,使得它们后来事实上的结合成为一个充满矛盾和冲突的过程。这是采用了“社会主义”制度来组织“现代化”过程的“后发外生型”国家所遭遇的一个特殊困境。正是“社会主义”和“现代化”过程二者之间内在本质上的差异构成了当代中国社会变迁过程中的基本矛盾和冲突。     

儒家的价值合理性学说

所谓价值合理性 ,实际上是人类的活动在内在精神的层次上返回自身 ,而陶冶、涵养了整体的精神 ,把人的心灵提升到普遍性状态 ,于是其行为表现就会合宜、合理 ,这样就体现为一种价值合理性。儒家基本的文化追求、道德追求就在于获得价值合理性。因此 ,儒家学者们都把“中庸”作为最终的价值关怀 ,对道德追求进行了价值预制 ,并特别重视价值合理性的经教化而成的品质特征。