神性祛昧与理性皈依——由中国传统乐论看音乐社会身份的流变

对于考察音乐的社会身份转变,中国传统乐论具有标本性意义。传统乐论经历了从上古神灵崇拜意识下的神性音乐到先秦、两汉儒家“礼乐”观,以及落实到魏晋六朝“声无哀乐”论启发的音乐理性的皈依;完成了从审美意识形态之乐向赋有音乐理性的音乐本身的回归。中国音乐美学观念在神性与理性之间徘徊。同时,传统乐论中表现出的音乐社会身份的流变,也遗留了一组矛盾关系：审美意识形态下音乐主流地位以其音乐理性的丧失为代价,而音乐理性的获得之时也意味着其淡出社会主流逐渐边缘化过程的开始。     

现代社会中技术理性的悖论及其命运

技术理性是现代工业文明的主导性文化精神之一,作为人类理性与近代科技相结合的产物,它不仅延伸和拓展了人的身体,而且超越了人在自然上的维度。但是技术理性一方面在推动社会发展的同时,也给社会带来了新的问题,如现代人的异化、世界的祛魅、生态危机等等。技术理性的泛化和它与价值理性的分离,使现代社会陷入了深深的危机之中。如何摆脱技术理性的控制及其危机,不仅关乎技术理性未来的命运,而且关乎整个社会的发展。     

对自由与必然关系的再考察收稿

自由和必然的关系是探讨自由的本质唯一可能的定义,这个问题在我国历来将恩格斯的观点奉为权威,即自由是对必然的认识以及凭借这认识对客观世界的改造,但这种解释仍然有些简单化了。问题的关键在于如何理解客观必然性,应将它视为自由本身所建立起来的必然规律,对此必须借鉴康德、黑格尔和现代的胡塞尔、海德格尔的观点,从自由与自然的本体论关系、自由与理性的认识论关系以及自由与逻辑的方法论关系三个方面作出更加深入的探讨,克服主客对立的传统偏见,真正达到自由和必然的内在同一。     

Rational Choice theory and prison chaplaincy: the chaplain's dilemma

Critical responses to the application of Rational Choice theories to the study of religious phenomena tend to be polarized between outright denial that the theories have any relevance to religion and equally outspoken claims that the theories are the only hope for progress in the sociology of religion. This article aims to avoid both of these extreme positions by raising a question, instead, about one of Rational Choice's central propositions about religion. This proposition holds that levels of religious vitality vary positively with the degree to which agencies of the state are prevented from regulating religious activity. The findings of recent research into prison chaplaincy in the UK and the USA will be used to test this claim. The main argument will be that the existence of an established church has facilitated a higher level of religious activity, especially for minority faiths, in prisons in England and Wales than is possible in American prisons. This difference in religious vitality is explained in terms of the Church of England's privileged position as a 'broker' between the state and minority faith communities. There is greater equality of opportunity for religious activity in American prisons, but the level of the activity is necessarily lower. In neither country is there anything truly resembling a 'free' market for religion in prisons, but the established Church of England is able to use its quasi-monopoly powers to broker advantageous conditions for minority faith communities. This brokerage function may be advantageous to all religious organizations in the highly regulated 'economy' of prisons.     

浅析中国传统官僚政治的行政价值取向

作为一种社会控制手段,中国传统官僚政治是处于一定社会政治权力结构内的管理中介,其行政行为表现出以君主利益为主导的实质理性取向和对"法律"的非理性取向.但是,在应对社会力量时,它又表现出自身的扩张性倾向,从而集依赖性和独立性于一身.     

重新考察认知相对主义的分类

认知相对主义是一种为大家所熟知的古老的学说,但熟知不等于真知,对于认知相对主义的很多批评实质上源于误解.事实上,认知相对主义有多种版本,从内容上来看,认知相对主义分为本体论相对主义和认识论相对主义两大类,认识论相对主义又可细分为合理性相对主义、概念相对主义和真理相对主义.而且,更为重要的是,本体论相对主义和认识论相对主义都有强弱程度的区分.     

When risks turn to uncertainties: insights from the food markets in China and in Japan

The paper explores the relationship between risks and market organisation by means of two case studies. After defining the two concepts, it analyses how risks influence the functioning of markets, by means of the theory elaborated by Knight (1921). The Knightian focus on the role of judgments in risks analysis implies that the concept of rationality has to be enlarged beyond the rational choice theory. Similarly, markets cannot be defined anymore as simply an equilibrium between supply and demand: they are a special type of institution. Therefore, the analysis centres on how people make decisions and apprehend risks in relation to market structures. In the rest of the paper, two of the most prominent food safety crises in recent years are analysed based on this conceptual framework: the milk powder crisis in China (2008) and the sanitary crisis following the Fukushima nuclear accident (2011). It is shown that they represent two types of market risks, one generated by the food market organisation and the other one related to the definition of the product quality.     

理性、情感与自然保护——对Kay Milton情感论的解读

在经济发展和经济利益驱动的社会里,当面临经济利益追求与环境保护冲突时,理性的环境伦理能否战胜经济利益的疯狂追求？英国环境问题学者Kay Milton认为,在环境保护问题上,不仅需要理性（Rationali-ty,）同时也不能忽视情感（Emotion）。她对环境保护中情感重要性的理解展示了环境保护的另一种视野,对推动环境保护运动有着重要的积极意义。     

“理性人权”与“传统人道”之博弈——安乐死合法化的合理性问题探析

针对目前安乐死分类的中义和狭义之说中所存在的问题,本文指出应将安乐死分为自愿安乐死和无选择安乐死两大类。在有明确分类的前提下,对自愿安乐死合法化、无选择安乐死合法化的合理性应给予肯定,这是权利自由主义精神的最好体现。我们不能用绝症患者的痛苦来成全我们的＂善良＂和＂人道＂,也不能将医学的进步建立在绝症病人的痛苦之上。＂传统人道＂应随着社会和科技的进步不断向＂理性人权＂方向迈进。同时,法律也应支持和疾病斗争到底的选择。     

改革开放30年电视艺术转向及北京电视人群体的作用

电视艺术是日常生活理性化的构型力量,它具有集体想象力和身体舒适度的特征,有助于公众的集体生活理性的构型。中国电视艺术30年来经历了三次转向:第一次转向以情润理,旨在建构精神主导的国家与集体生活理性;第二次转向以虚构理,建构物质引导的世俗与个人生活理性,北京电视人群体在这次转向中发挥了重要作用;第三次转向以趣化理,致力于身体感觉引导的日常生活理性的建构。