哈贝马斯话语伦理学视界下的道德共识

哈贝马斯把交往行为理论运用到道德领域,创立了话语伦理学。在哈贝马斯的理论体系中,主体间性是奠基性和表征性存在,就话语伦理学而言,这表达了他对道德共识的强烈诉求。哈贝马斯所说的道德共识可从以下几方面加以理解：生活世界——道德共识的存在界域;交往理性——道德共识的内核;话语——实现道德共识的沟通中介;可普遍化原则、对话伦理原则——实现道德共识的基本保证。哈贝马斯关于道德共识问题深刻且富特色的思考,能为我们的道德建设提供有益镜鉴。     

经验主义课程观的价值与荒谬性的思辨

由于个体生活经验的局限性,使许多理性知识无法还原到他们的生活经验中去,因此许多理性知识可以先行获得,而生活经验可以后续获得。在教学中,教师应善于分辨哪些知识应该以个体的生活经验为出发点进行教学,哪些应该以理性知识为出发点进行教学。理性知识需要生活经验的对照而被求证,生活经验需要理性知识的解释而被深化。教师的重要教学任务之一就是要用理性知识来改变个体经验世界中根深蒂固的偏见。     

额外压抑与个体解放——马尔库塞爱欲理论对当前人们的启示

马尔库塞把弗洛伊德的精神分析理论和马克思《1844年经济学-哲学手稿》中的异化理论和人道主义思想相结合,抨击了现代西方社会额外压抑和操作原则下的非人道现象,进而阐述他的爱欲解放理论,即充分发掘和发挥人的本能和潜能,构建一个＂非压抑性＂的文明社会,并赋予人感性的新内涵。这为正处于工业社会中的人们如何走出当前技术理性的压抑提供了重要的启示作用。     

Expedient and Monotone Learning Rules

This paper considers learning rules for environments in which little prior and feedback information is available to the decision maker. Two properties of such learning rules are studied: absolute expediency and monotonicity. Both require that some aspect of the decision maker's performance improves from the current period to the next. The paper provides some necessary, and some sufficient conditions for these properties. It turns out that there is a large variety of learning rules that have the properties. However, all learning rules that have these properties are related to the replicator dynamics of evolutionary game theory. For the case in which there are only two actions, it is shown that one of the absolutely expedient learning rules dominates all others.     

现代困境与交往理性——重读《小城畸人》

安德森的《小城畸人》讲述了丑陋幽闭的小镇上抽象、变态的\     

试论实践合理性的评价标准

实践合理性的评价标准应当从实践合理性三个不可或缺的组成部分 (目的合理性、工具合理性、价值合理性 )分别加以考察。一个科学的实践合理性价体系应当根据具体的实践内容和形式 ,将这三个方面的标准有机和辩证地统一起来。     

‘Nobody wants to sound like a provinciano’: The recession of unstressed vowel devoicing in the Spanish of Cusco,Perú1

This study documents changes in the prevalence and evaluation of unstressed vowel devoicing, a salient characteristic of Andean Spanish, in the city of Cusco, Perú following an earthquake in 1950. This event brought city residents into contact with other dialects of Spanish that lack vowel devoicing and also intensified their exposure to the Quechua‐accented Spanish of rural migrants, or provincianos, which is characterized by this pronunciation. Results of an attitude‐perception study indicate that younger Cusqueñans are aware of devoicing and identify it primarily with the speech of provincianos rather than the Spanish of their city. However, acoustic analysis of interviews conducted with Cusqueñans and provincianos shows that, while the pronunciation is receding from Cusco Spanish, many city natives actually exhibit rates of devoicing similar to those of rural migrants. Cusqueñans’ nearly exclusive association of devoicing with provincianos is attributed to local ideology, including negative attitudes toward rural Andean identity. La presente investigación describe cambios en Ia incidencia y evaluación del ensordecimiento de las vocales átonas, una peculiaridad notable del español andino en Cusco, Perú, durante las décadas posteriores al terremoto que devastó Ia ciudad en 1950. Debido a este acontecimiento, los cusqueños aumentaron su contacto con otros dialectos del español que no exhiben el ensordecimiento vocálico así como con el español de los inmigrantes de zonas rurales, o provincianos, que se caracteriza por este fenómeno fonético. Los resultados de un estudio de actitudes indican que los cusqueños jóvenes son conscientes del ensordecimiento vocálico y lo identifican con el acento de los provincianos pero no lo relacionan con el habla de su propia ciudad. Sin embargo, según el análisis acústico de las entrevistas realizadas a cusqueños y a provincianos, muchos residentes de Ia ciudad siguen empleando esta pronunciación con básicamente Ia misma frecuencia que los provincianos. La asociación del ensordecimiento vocálico con los provincianos, casi exclusiva por parte de los cusqueños jóvenes, es atribuida a actitudes negativas hacia Ia identidad rural andina. [Spanish]     

改革开放30年电视艺术转向及北京电视人群体的作用

电视艺术是日常生活理性化的构型力量,它具有集体想象力和身体舒适度的特征,有助于公众的集体生活理性的构型。中国电视艺术30年来经历了三次转向:第一次转向以情润理,旨在建构精神主导的国家与集体生活理性;第二次转向以虚构理,建构物质引导的世俗与个人生活理性,北京电视人群体在这次转向中发挥了重要作用;第三次转向以趣化理,致力于身体感觉引导的日常生活理性的建构。     

Alternating-Offer Bargaining and Common Knowledge of Rationality

This paper reconsiders Rubinstein's alternating-offer bargaining game with complete information. We define rationalizability and trembling- hand rationalizability (THR) for multi-stage games with observed actions. We show that rationalizability does not exclude perpetual disagreement or delay, but that THR implies a unique solution. Moreover, this unique solution is the unique subgame perfect equilibrium (SPE). Also, we reconsider an extension of Rubinstein's game where a smallest money unit is introduced: THR rules out the non-uniqueness of SPE in some particular case. Finally, we investigate the assumption of boundedly rational players. Perpetual disagreement is excluded, but not delay. Furthermore, we cannot use the asymmetric Nash bargaining solution as an approximation of the alternating-offer bargaining model once the players are boundedly rational ones.