从传统语境到认知语境的嬗变

传统语境观认为语境是一组静止不变的、用以制约交际和话语理解的共有知识的集合;认知语境规则从认知角度动态地研究语境,将交际主体的能动性纳入话语分析中,说明意义推理的心理依据和心理状态是一个"认知-推理"的动态过程。认知语境和传统语境在对语境因素构成的描述上相似,但对语境运作方式的解释大相径庭。从传统语境到认知语境是进步,但对认知语境运作方式的探索需要借助大量的实证研究。     

企业间正式契约对关系绩效影响的实证研究

通过综合运用交易成本理论和组织学习理论对正式契约、关系学习、关系绩效之间的关系进行了实证研究。研究结果表明:正式契约在一定程度上会提高企业的关系绩效,但过于正式化的正式契约反而不利于企业关系绩效的提高,即正式契约与关系绩效之间存在倒U形关系,同时验证了正式契约部分通过关系学习对关系绩效产生影响,关系学习在正式契约和关系绩效之间起部分中介作用。     

基因发现成果可专利性法律分析

生物技术的蓬勃发展给专利法律制度提出了诸多挑战,专利制度及其理论应针对现实情况作出适时的调整和完善。从社会公众利益及产业发展角度而言,不应当授予基因序列的发现成果以专利权;从产业技术诉求及实用性角度考量,应当授予功能基因的揭示以专利权。我国知识产权立法应针对生物技术的现实发展作出相应的调整。     

企业薪酬体系的效果研究综述

薪酬体系及其效果问题是人力资源管理实践的一大难点,也是企业管理理论研究的一个热点.首先,薪酬激励研究的理论基础分为工资理论和激励理论两大类;其次,能力工资、宽带工资和可变薪酬是新薪酬体系形式,有效薪酬体系必须与组织背景相匹配;第三,有关薪酬体系的效果研究结论存在争议;第四,薪酬体系与组织匹配研究偏向理论探讨,缺乏实证分析;第五,美国企业的薪酬管理模式是否适合中国的企业是值得研究的课题.同时,薪酬体系的效果研究需要引进"整体报酬"概念,除薪酬外,还需要考虑其他的非货币形式的激励因素.     

Testing an Integrative Contextual Career Development Model With Adolescents From High‐Poverty Urban Areas

Variations in the economic recovery rate across the United States have led to even greater chasms that separate the employed, unemployed, and underemployed (DeSilver, 2017 ). Therefore, understanding and supporting the career development of future generations is critical—especially for those who live outside the context of social privilege. The authors examined the applicability of the integrative contextual model of career development (ICM; Lapan, 2004 ) to a sample of 220 adolescents (129 boys, 91 girls) from a high‐poverty urban area. Results indicated that a canonical variate comprising foundational ICM skills (e.g., career exploration, goal setting) predicted a variate composed of ICM outcomes (e.g., self‐efficacy, vocational identity), thus supporting the usefulness of the ICM framework for this population. The skill of setting viable career goals was an especially strong predictor of outcomes. Implications for career counseling with adolescents living in high‐poverty urban areas and directions for future research are discussed.     

试论认知语境对手机短信人际交流的影响

认知语用学为话语研究提供了新的理论支持。本文运用认知语境的四大要素（情景知识、语言上下文知识、背景知识和社会表征）来解释其对手机短信人际交流的影响,从而得出这四大要素是如何参与短信话语含义的推导以及其动态的激活过程。     

Investor commitment to serial entrepreneurs: A multilayer network analysis

Social networks are complex systems composed of interdependent organizations and people with diverse network structures. Understanding network dynamics, such as exchange commitment, requires a methodological toolkit that does not assume away complexity. In this study, we extend a technique for analyzing longitudinal, multilayer network data called network alignment. We introduce a novel metric – intersect proportions – for analyzing similarity between divergent graphs. We demonstrate the application of network alignment and intersect proportions to the context of investor commitment to startups and entrepreneurs. Using this technique, we are able to disentangle exchange commitment across complex networks.     

Universal versus contextual effects on TQM: a triangulation study using neural networks

The objective of this study is to extend previous research on total quality management (TQM)-context-performance relationships and ‘fit’ using multiple methods. We combine artificial neural networks (ANNs) with structural equation modelling (SEM) to analyse several hypotheses and propositions. This is the first study in this area of research that utilises ANNs and a triangulation technique in the presence of several contextual factors. The SEM analyses suggest that company size and industry type may have contingency effects on some of the TQM practices and/or TQM-performance relationships. However, the ANN models have shown that these two contingency factors do not moderate TQM outcomes, implying that all organisations can benefit from TQM regardless of size and type. As well, these models show that formal TQM implementation and/or ISO certifications do not add any predictive power to the ANN models except in one case: TQM implementation and/or ISO certification added to organisational effectiveness and customer results to predict financial and market (F&M) results. The results further indicate that even though implementing TQM alone has a bigger impact on F&M results than obtaining ISO certification alone, combining the two will have an even greater impact on these results. Joint implementation leads to greater improvements in organisational effectiveness, which, in turn, has a positive effect on customer results and consequently F&M results. This is a unique finding within the context of moderator effects on TQM-performance relationships.     

Making international aid effective: An agenda for aligning aid to social business

In the context of heightened interest in social business and a renewed focus on the performance of international aid, this article explores the role and place of aid in addressing poverty in relation to the rapidly growing social business regime. Research on the subject is surprisingly limited. The article begins by operationalizing the key concepts, and developing a conceptual framework by exploring the possible nexus points between aid alignment and social business. It then addresses a number of key dimensions of aid; notably, a comparative account of possible aid investment in social business vis‐à‐vis conventional projects and private sector enterprises; an examination of the realities on the ground of the social business projects; and policy implications of the study together with some recommendations.     

论元结构中的语境因素

根据Fillmore的格语法和框架语义学理论以及Goldberg的构式语法理论,动词意义和构式意义都有语境因素的参与。Goldberg认为构式意义相对于动词意义有一定强制作用。本文支持另一种看法,认为动词意义本身包含着丰富的语境因素,构式突显了包括语境因素在内的动词意义的某些方面,形成不同的论元结构。因此,论元结构的产生跟语境因素的作用是分不开的。