完善我国农村土地流转制度:SICP范式、路径及其内涵

“三农”问题的根本在于农村,而其焦点在于农地产权流转创新及其市场化程度,受制于历史习性、制度特性（制度模糊、产权权能虚置）等约束,我国的农地经营流转制度还很不完善。作为农民最重要的“财产”,农地产权市场化流转的关键是解决农地资产产权的权能配置及其合约激励问题。不同的合约权利结构（S ）决定经济制度及其变迁（I ）的本质,而主体行为选择（C ）的方向及其获得的绩效水平（P ）既是制度创新的结果,又是引致制度变革的原因。文章整合多学科理论,以承包合约的静态与动态权利结构分析为起点,提出基于“权利结构-制度变迁-行为选择-绩效”之联动关系逻辑的“S IC P”范式,为新形势下我国农地产权流转制度的实践创新提供理论框架和政策参考。     

Resident-Managed Elder Intentional Neighborhoods: Do They Promote Social Resources for Older Adults?

Social isolation has serious negative public health impacts for older adults. Survey data were collected at three resident-managed elder intentional neighborhoods in the United States (n = 59), to determine if these neighborhoods, each based on the cohousing model, promote development of social resources for their residents. Social resources were measured on three dimensions: social networks, neighborly support, and satisfaction with the neighborhood community. Respondents were White, mean age of 73.3 (range = 63–91), primarily female (76.3%), and generally had high levels of education and self-reported health. Almost half (47%) were never married/divorced and 37% were childless. Inclusion of neighborhood ties ameliorated risk of social isolation. Satisfaction with support and a variety of neighboring behaviors were reported. These neighborhoods are meeting the needs of a potentially at-risk population as an avenue to promote social resources and reduce social isolation. The implications for gerontological social workers include a role in helping to mobilize and support these types of neighborhoods as a way to encourage mutual support among older adults. With the increase in the aging population, such models of proactive interdependence and communal coping have the potential to lessen or delay the demands that socially isolated elders place on social workers.     

明清徽州合同契约与民间合约关系

传统合同是在原始契约——"判书"使用了很久之后出现的。遗存的徽州合同契约从性质上可分为"议约合同"和"禁约合同"两种主要类型。明清时期,合同契约广泛存在于徽州民间社会,并成为调节基层社会关系的重要途径。明清徽州民间合约关系的存在具有深厚的社会学背景。     

公私伙伴关系与契约治理

我国事业单位改革需要解决的关键性难题是如何处理好逐利动机与公益目标的关系。本文从理论和实践两方面分析公私伙伴关系的基础上,针对我国特殊的制度环境提出对公私伙伴关系进行契约治理的基本结构。     

Paternal supervisor gatekeeping: How supervising fathers hinder other fathers at work in their uptake of flexible work arrangements

This study explores the role that supervisors play in the low uptake of Flexible Work Arrangements (FWA) among fathers in France. We draw on 28 interviews with fathers who had requested access to FWA and reported on the reaction of their supervisors. These supervisors were all fathers themselves and had previously benefitted from such arrangements themselves, but did not grant such policies to other fathers. To understand these unexpected findings, we conducted an additional 16 interviews with supervising fathers in organizations who had previously enjoyed similar FWA. The findings show that supervising fathers can act as barriers to other fathers in their organizations who try to push for more gender equality. We identified four ways in which supervisors tend to dissuade fathers from accessing policies to which they are entitled: gender-role confirming discourses; career threats; practical reasons as a justification; and a lack of paternal workplace support. The findings highlight the role of men (in this case, supervising fathers) in the lack of increasing gender equality at work. By showing that fathers can function as ‘paternal supervisor gatekeepers’ for other fathers in their organizations, we open up new fruitful ways for studying gender equality in organizations.     

Children's Postdivorce Residence Arrangements and Parental Experienced Time Pressure

Although the rise in postdivorce joint physical custody has fueled scholarly interest in its impact on children, consequences for parents remain understudied. Because children's residence arrangements determine time and coordination demands associated with child care, this study investigated the relationship between postdivorce residence arrangements and parents' time pressure. Regression analyses on 4,460 formerly married or cohabiting parents in the Netherlands showed that main residence (mother residence, father residence, or joint physical custody) is more strongly related to time pressure than is nonresident parents' visitation frequency. Compared with mother residence, joint physical custody is associated with less time pressure for mothers and slightly greater pressure for fathers, which supports the idea of higher care demands when parents spend more time with their children. The results do not support the role of coordination demands; the extent of interparental contact and the number of transitions the child makes are not related to time pressure.     

城市老年人居住方式意愿研究——以北京、天津、上海、重庆为例

利用2005年全国老年人口健康状况调查问卷数据对四个直辖市老年人居住方式意愿进行实证研究。结果显示,实际居住方式、人口因素、经济因素等对大城市老年人居住方式意愿有着显著的影响,健康因素则是通过经济特征对居住方式意愿发生作用的。     

The impacts of rapid demographic transition on family structure and income inequality in Brazil, 1981–2011

This study analysed the impact of changing family structure on income distribution. Specifically, it analysed how changes in the proportions of different categories of family in the population contributed to increases in the income of the richest and poorest social strata in Brazil, and the consequent impacts on income inequality. Rural and urban families were compared in order to understand how these dynamics had different impacts on more developed (urban) and less developed (rural) areas. The results emphasize how changes observed in family structure are more pronounced among the richest families, contributing to an increase in (i) the income of the richest families and (ii) income inequality between the richest and poorest families, as well as between urban and rural areas.     

论劳动力产权与企业的合约安排

除工资收入外,劳动者享有企业的剩余索取权和剩余控制权的状况体现了劳动力产权的实现程度。劳动力产权的实现程度会因企业所有权安排而异。     

论中国特色社会主义国家治理体系

建立现代化的中国特色社会主义国家治理体系已经成为研究的前沿,但学界缺乏对其建立的必然性、必要性、主要内容等方面的系统探讨.在此背景之下,文章根据国家治理的历史传统、现实国情与时代要求,分析建立现代化的中国特色社会主义治理体系的必然性和必要性,界定治理体系的概念,探讨治理体系的主要内容,总结治理体系的基本特征,进而提出建立治理体系的主要路径.