Nonmaternal Care's Association With Mother's Parenting Sensitivity: A Case of Self‐Selection Bias?

Although attachment theory posits that the use of nonmaternal care undermines quality of mothers' parenting, empirical evidence for this link is inconclusive. Using data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (N = 1,233), the authors examined the associations between nonmaternal care characteristics and maternal sensitivity during the first 3 years of children's lives, with special attention to selection effects and moderation by resource levels. Findings from fixed‐effects regression models suggested that, on average, there is little relationship between nonmaternal care characteristics and maternal sensitivity, once selection factors are held constant. Some evidence of moderation effects was found, however. Excellent‐quality care is related to more sensitivity for mothers with lower family income. Poor‐quality care is related to lower sensitivity for single mothers, but not partnered mothers. In sum, nonmaternal care characteristics do not seem to have as much influence on mothers' parenting as attachment theory claims.     

基于产权价值的区域农地承包经营权流转价格研究——以广州市为例

在对农地承包经营权价值分析的基础上,探讨了农地承包经营权转包、转让、出租、入股等流转方式所反映的价格表现形式及其价值基础,构建了农地承包经营权流转价格评估模型,并以广州市为例进行了初步的实证测算。经过模型估算,5年期广州市农地承包经营权转包、转让、出租、入股的价格分别为105 767.25元/hm2、699 841.50元/hm2、21 005.55元/hm2和104 311.05元/hm2,与区域典型调查基本吻合。研究表明,从承包经营权价值的角度来确定流转价格,在理论上实现了交易价格体现交换价值的经济学基本要求,在实证上估算结果合理适度。     

中国苗族混农林契约文书著录整理规范问题思考——以《中国苗族混农林契约文书·姜于休家藏卷》整理校注为例

中国苗族混农林契约文书,自贵州本土文献遗产保护研究专家杨有赓于20世纪六十年代发现并展开相关研究以来,虽有一批著录整理成果相继问世,但至今仍无统一而行之有效的著录整理规范。本文立足笔者在参与整理校注《中国苗族混农林契约文书·姜于休家藏卷》过程中的实践体验,对比分析前人著录整理成果,对中国苗族混农林契约文书著录整理的规范问题进行了初步思考,以飨同道学者。     

Familial Factors Associated With the Use of Multiple Child‐Care Arrangements

This study examined the use of multiple, concurrent, nonparental child‐care arrangements among children under 5 with employed mothers in the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (N= 759). Older children, those primarily cared for in informal child care, those living in cohabitating or single‐parent households, and those whose mothers were employed for 40 or fewer hours per week were likely to be in multiple arrangements. Higher quality primary child‐care and lower maternal satisfaction with primary care predicted the subsequent use of multiple arrangements. Little support for income differences in selection into multiple arrangements was found. Findings highlight the importance of child‐care characteristics and structure in child‐care choice. Policy implications are discussed.     

契约自由、“契约自由权”与契约权利——一个私权逻辑理论视角的分析

按照分析法学的私权逻辑理论,契约自由并非权利,而是派生权利的契约关系的元形式,是民事主体之间“无权利—无义务”的关系状态,其实质就是没有法律限制。将契约自由混同于“契约自由权”对于契约权利本身的设定并无实际意义,反会成为立法者或裁判者滥用其意志侵害意思自治的借口。作为契约权利的元形式,契约自由决定了契约权利的本质必然为约定性权利,但也决定着契约权利只能具有相对性。     

Childhood Living Arrangements and the Intergenerational Transmission of Divorce

Using detailed data on the childhood living arrangements of children taken from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG), the impact of multiple dimensions of parent histories on the likelihood of offspring divorce is investigated. Although past research is replicated by finding a positive impact of parental divorce on offspring divorce, the author also finds that living apart from both parents, irrespective of the reason, is associated with an increased risk of divorce. In particular, children who were born out of wedlock and who did not experience parental divorce or death experience a very high risk of marital disruption. However, neither the number of transitions in childhood living arrangements nor parental remarriage appear to substantially affect the risk of marital dissolution. Finally, variations in the timing of and circumstances surrounding marriage appear to mediate a substantial proportion of the effect of parent histories on offspring divorce.     

论我国农村土地承包经营权的发展出路

土地承包经营权是具有中国特色的社会主义农村经济体制改革的产物,符合农村生产力发展和广大农民的要求,极大地推动了农村经济的发展。然而,随着农村经济的进一步发展,农村土地承包经营权制度本身潜伏的缺陷越来越多地暴露出来。因此,对农村土地承包经营权制度的完善和发展就成为解决“三农”问题的制度前提。应该实现我国农村土地承包经营权制度的完全物权化,健全土地流转法律机制,发展农地适度规模经营,恢复合作社的建制,并仿照公司的治理结构来建立合作社的运作机制,从而为我国农村土地制度的改革和农村土地承包经营权的发展提供一条新的出路。     

The Best Laid Plans: Expectations,Preferences, and Stability of Child‐Care Arrangements

This study considers whether an earlier and more extensive search for child care, and a match of the type used to the type preferred, predicts arrangement stability. We used the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care to estimate multinomial logit models of arrangement changes over 3‐month intervals between 3 and 12 months (n= 958 children and 2,223 observations). Use of preferred care predicted greater arrangement stability, and parents who settled early on 1 option were less likely later to switch care types. Those who planned earlier were more likely to use their preferred care type and to use higher quality settings. This study encourages future research on how, when, and with what success parents search for child care.     

公司强制性规范的立法考量

公司法中强制性规范是必不可少的，将公司法归结为合同法的特别法至少在目前我国这种法治环境下是不现实的。国家在制订公司法的强制性规范的时候，应从公司所处的社会环境、行为涉他的利害性、公平和效益以及国家政策四个因素出发来综合平衡考虑。     

民营经济准入军品科研生产的障碍与制度安排

允许民营经济有条件地参与军品科研生产，实施准入，是改善军品市场配置效率，构建“军民融合式”国防科技工业体制的有效举措。然而，受计划经济观念、旧的管理体制和不合理法规政策等因素影响，民营经济准入军品市场仍然受到了过多限制，这影响了军品市场竞争程度的提高和效益的增加，因此，必须进行针对性改革，建立和完善有利于民营经济公平准入的制度安排。