Convergence Properties of the Likelihood of Computed Dynamic Models

This paper studies the econometrics of computed dynamic models. Since these models generally lack a closed‐form solution, their policy functions are approximated by numerical methods. Hence, the researcher can only evaluate an approximated likelihood associated with the approximated policy function rather than the exact likelihood implied by the exact policy function. What are the consequences for inference of the use of approximated likelihoods? First, we find conditions under which, as the approximated policy function converges to the exact policy, the approximated likelihood also converges to the exact likelihood. Second, we show that second order approximation errors in the policy function, which almost always are ignored by researchers, have first order effects on the likelihood function. Third, we discuss convergence of Bayesian and classical estimates. Finally, we propose to use a likelihood ratio test as a diagnostic device for problems derived from the use of approximated likelihoods.     

略论西北文化的根本特点

西北地区,是指今天地处中国西北部的陕、甘、宁、青、新等五个省区。"西北文化"也就是指这五个地区的文化圈。从整个西北的历史发展和中国西部文化的内在结构来看,西北文化呈现出会聚性、多样性、交融性和多变性的特点。     

Existence of Equilibria in Economies with Bads

We consider an exchange economy in which there are infinitely many consumers and some commodities are bads, that is, cause disutility to consumers. We give an example of such an economy for which there is no competitive equilibrium or its variants (quasi‐ or pseudo‐equilibrium), and an example of the failure of the so‐called uniform integrability condition of equilibrium allocations of increasingly populous finite economies.     

视觉语言与其他艺术语言的共通性表现

视觉语言与其他艺术语言之间存在着某种共通性,它们可以互相转化;视觉语言能唤起观众视觉以外其他知觉器官的共鸣。关注它们的共通性,能够让我们的知觉器官融会贯通,也能够让我们更加深刻地领悟其他艺术形式的精髓和内涵,激发灵感,为设计所用,更能提高我们的综合感知和整体把握能力。     

浅析三网融合的法律规制

从三网融合的法律定义入手对三网融合进行研究,分析我国三网融合在现有法律框架下发展缓慢的原因,并对促进我国三网融合的发展,变革现有法律及监管机制提出建议。     

单位圆内零级亚纯函数关于小函数的Borel点

通过计算。证明了单位圆内一类满足条件^-limr→1 lnT（r,f）/lnln[1/（1-r）]=k,2〈k〈∞的零级亚纯函数关于其小函数的Borel点的存在性．     

叠加或合流：“灰色女性”的当代话语表述

“灰色女性”是对色情业女性的一种学术性称谓。“灰色女性”的当代文学表述出现了一种审美模糊的现象,主要表现为“沉沦”与“救赎”的既需求又超出、“物欲”与“爱欲”的相互渗透、“苦难”与“愉悦”的话语游移等。它既与多元性伦理下这一特殊题材在当下的特殊遭遇有关,也是上世纪90年代以来文学转向经验化、日常化、世俗化叙事之后的一个必然结果。     

中心城市经济辐射能力差异比较研究

近年来,区域经济发展问题成为我国经济发展中的一个战略问题,受到中央和地方的广泛关注和重视。区域经济发展的质量与速度在很大程度上取决于区域内中心城市的辐射扩散功能。运用动态脉冲函数模型与时间序列收敛模型分别测算上海与北京的经济辐射能力,研究表明：上海的经济辐射能力远大于北京,造成这一差异的原因是多方面的,如城市规模、经济腹地实力、产业结构关联程度、区域一体化程度,等等。长三角地区的发展模式为其他区域经济发展战略乃至全国区域协调发展战略提供了启示。