从“马歇尔收敛”到“转型中自生”:中国经济转型的经验

中国自1978年以来的改革开放,创造了发展中社会主义人口大国经济转型发展的世界奇迹。这是坚持由马歇尔收敛到转型中自生创新发展的结果,实质是坚持中国特色社会主义转型发展模式的结果。北京共识因而越来越盛行。所谓马歇尔收敛,是指按照自马歇尔以来的新古典经济学市场机制有效决定理论,发展中国家应当在收入水平上最终收敛于发达国家的水平。倡导华盛顿共识的主流经济学家正是依据这一收敛信条,采用休克疗法来误导原苏联和东欧经济转型的。所谓转型中自生,是指发展中国家在经济转型中始终立足国情,充分发挥自身比较优势,使企业在开放、自由和竞争市场中获得预期利润率,即获得自生能力,进而使整个经济体收敛于发达国家水平的转型发展过程。     

重新思考打造家电企业竞争优势的战略基础

差异化是竞争优势的重要来源。过去企业依靠成本更低或特色更多谋求竞争优势。进入21世纪,品牌和速度成为获取竞争优势的战略基础。我国家电企业应以差异化品牌战略为主导,实施产品品牌战略和企业品牌战略,并战略性再造供应链和价值链,以形成迅速应对目标市场、能够敏捷反应的速度优势。     

基于潜类别随机前沿的区域创新效率及其影响因素分析

运用可根据研究对象的潜在属性内生分组的潜类别随机前沿模型,采用1999-2012年中国各省区数据,研究各省区的创新效率及影响因素。结果表明:以人力资本水平和基础设施状况为条件变量,将全国各省区分成两个技术类别,分别有各自的技术前沿和函数形式,A类别中上海市的创新效率最高,B类别中河北省的创新效率最高;平均来看,各类的创新效率均呈上升趋势,贸易开放、产业结构和金融发展对创新效率均有显著的正向作用,同时创新效率在各类内部均存在俱乐部收敛。     

Uniform Convergence of Compactly Supported Wavelet Expansions of Gaussian Random Processes

New results on uniform convergence in probability for expansions of Gaussian random processes using compactly supported wavelets are given. The main result is valid for general classes of non stationary processes. An application of the obtained results to stationary processes is also presented. It is shown that the convergence rate of the expansions is exponential.     

Kiefer–Wolfowitz algorithm under quasi-associated random errors

In this article, we study the algorithm of Kiefer–Wolfowitz underquasi-associated random errors. We establish the complete convergence and obtain an exponential bound. Additionally, we build a confidence interval for the minimum. Numerical examples are sketched out to confirm the theoretical results and show the accuracy of the algorithm.     

叠前时间偏移技术在东濮凹陷应用的认识

东濮凹陷断裂复杂，多断块、多套生储盖组合，叠后偏移成像效果不佳。叠前时间偏移技术在这一复杂断块区的应用可以改善成像效果。研究提出了一套以速度迭代为核心、地质信息为约束的求取偏移速度场的改进方法，提高了偏移速度的精度；通过对偏移孔径、最大偏移角度、射线路径、去假频4个关键参数处理的分析,得出适合东濮凹陷地震资料特点的经验参数，减少了以后处理过程中的试验工作量和参数试验的盲目性，有效地提高了处理效率。通过叠前时间偏移，提高了复杂断块地区成像精度，能够准确地落实断层位置和认识断块之间的关系，与井资料的吻合程度较高，取得了明显的地质效果。     

Recursive kernel estimate of the conditional quantile for functional ergodic data

ABSTRACT

In this article, we study the recursive kernel estimator of the conditional quantile of a scalar response variable Y given a random variable (rv) X taking values in a semi-metric space. Two estimators are considered. While the first one is given by inverting the double-kernel estimate of the conditional distribution function, the second estimator is obtained by using the robust approach. We establish the almost complete consistency of these estimates when the observations are sampled from a functional ergodic process. Finally, a simulation study is carried out to illustrate the finite sample performance of these estimators.     

Book review

W.G.Cochran: Sampling Techniques, 3rd. Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York-Santa Barbara-London-Sydney-Toronto 1977. 428 S., £ 12.50; $21.50.

H.Toutenburg: Vorhersage in linearen Modellen. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1975, VIII, 176b S., 3 Tab., 28,– M.

O.Kallenberg: Random Measure. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1975; Academic Press, London 1976. 104 pp., 28,– M.     

Global convergence of the log-concave MLE when the true distribution is geometric

Let X₁, …, X_n be i.i.d. from a discrete probability mass function (pmf) p. In Balabdaoui et al. [(2013), ‘Asymptotic Distribution of the Discrete Log-Concave mle and Some Applications’, JRSS-B, in press], the pointwise limit distribution of the log-concave maximum-likelihood estimator (MLE) was derived in both the well- and misspecified settings. In the well-specified setting, the geometric distribution was excluded, classified as being degenerate. In this article, we establish the global asymptotic theory of the log-concave MLE of a geometric pmf in all ?_q distances for q∈{1, 2, …}∪{∞}. We also show how these asymptotic results could be used in testing whether a pmf is geometric.     

Convergence Rate of Wavelet Expansions of Gaussian Random Processes

This article characterizes uniform convergence rate for general classes of wavelet expansions of stationary Gaussian random processes. The convergence in probability is considered.